1. Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
TONIGHT’S HOMEWORK:
Submit final 1000-word persuasive essay on Canvas by Thursday (March 9), along with all steps (marked-up drafts and tutor’s comments may be submitted as hard copies in class),
read pp to prepare for timed writing on Thursday, AND
begin Grammar #6 (fragments) handout, due Tuesday, March 21

2. CONFERENCE #2 (MANDATORY)
BE SURE YOU SIGN UP FOR A TIME ON CANVAS!
Tuesday, March 21, class will meet in YSSB 311 for a RP workday. Conferences will start March 22. Class will not meet Thursday, March 23, because of conferences. The first draft of the RP is due on Canvas March 23. Bring a printout to the conference!

3. SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

4. A complete sentence contains a subject, a verb, and a complete thought: Dan attended the pep rally before the football game.

5. When a group of words fails to tell
who or what did something (the subject),
what happened (the verb), and/or
a complete thought (has a subject and verb but also a dependent word),
it is a sentence fragment.

6. Sat behind me in science class
What’s missing?

7. The new girl sat behind me in science class.
Yes, we need a subject.
The new girl sat behind me in science class.

8. The bag of groceries on the kitchen table
What’s missing?

9. The bag of groceries on the kitchen table spilled onto the floor.
Yes, we need a verb.
The bag of groceries on the kitchen table spilled onto the floor.

10. Screaming at the caterer
What’s missing?

11. The bride is screaming at the caterer.
We need a subject, but even the verb is not complete. It needs a helping verb. We can add a subject and a helping verb…
The bride is screaming at the caterer.

12. or we can attach the phrase to a sentence that is already complete:
Screaming at the caterer, the bride ruined her wedding.

13. Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
Such as riding a tricycle
What’s missing?

14. Yes, we need a subject and a verb.
My dog performs many tricks, such as riding a tricycle.
This is just an added detail.

15. After the rain stopped
What’s missing?

16. We have a subject and a verb but no complete thought because we have a dependent word (subordinating conjunction). We can delete the dependent word...
After the rain stopped.
The rain stopped.

17. … OR we need to attach this fragment to a complete clause.
After the rain stopped, the children ran outside to play.

18. COMMON DEPENDENT WORDS (subordinating conjunctions)
after* although as as if as though because before* even even though if like* now that once since so that though unless until what whatever when whenever where wherever whereas whether while

19. MORE DEPENDENT WORDS (RELATIVE PRONOUNS)
that
which
who
whom
whoever
whomever
(These create dependent clauses that cannot stand alone, but the comma rules are different.)

20. Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
Clauses and Phrases
A CLAUSE is a group of words that contains a subject and its verb. the boy ran people talk it is if you go
A PHRASE is a group of words that does NOT contain a subject and its verb. the boy next door people with loud voices being hungry for a while

21. Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
Clauses and Phrases
The important things to remember:
A clause has a subject and complete verb that go together; a phrase doesn’t.
An “-ing” verb cannot be the only verb in a sen-tence. With no helping verb, it makes a phrase.
A phrase can never be a sentence by itself.
Clauses must be connected to other clauses in very specific ways (with specific conjunctions and punctuation) whereas phrases can be added more freely.

22. If it’s just a PHRASE, it’s a fragment.
If it’s just a DEPENDENT CLAUSE, it’s a fragment.
If it has an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE, it’s a sentence.

23. Grammar #6: Sentence Fragments (10 points)
Complete and submit the handout by the time class begins on its due date. It is NOT a Canvas exercise, but the handout is available on Canvas if you need it.

24. Let’s try analyzing some other poems:
Margaret Atwood’s “You fit into me” (p. 228; consider speaker, tone, diction, repetition, imagery, and irony)
William Hathaway’s “Oh, Oh” (handout; consider speaker, tone, diction, imagery, and irony)
Randall Jarrell’s “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (p. 219; consider speaker, metaphor, diction, connotation, and ironic tone)
Gwendolyn Brooks’ “We Real Cool” (p. 236; consider speaker, diction, irony, rhyme, and tone)
Edwin Arlington Robinson’s “Richard Cory” (p. 216; consider speaker, irony, rhyme, rhythm, meter)
Katharyn Howd Machan’s “Hazel Tells LaVerne” (handout; consider speaker, diction, irony, and allusion)
William Carlos Williams’ “This Is Just to Say” (p. 223; consider speaker, image, diction, rhythm)
e.e. cummings’ “she being Brand” (handout; consider speaker, metaphor, imagery, diction, syntax, rhythm, and the odd capitalization, line breaks, and spacing)

25. Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
“You Fit into Me” by Margaret Atwood (p. 226)
you fit into me
like a hook into an eye
a fish hook
an open eye

26. Let’s try some other poems:
William Hathaway’s “Oh, Oh” (handout; consider tone, diction, imagery, and irony)

27. Let’s try some other poems:
Randall Jarrell’s “The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner” (p. 219; consider metaphor, diction, connotation, and ironic tone)

28. Let’s try some other poems:
Gwendolyn Brooks’ “We Real Cool”
(p. 236; consider diction, irony, rhyme, and tone)

29. Let’s try some other poems:
Edwin Arlington Robinson’s “Richard Cory” (p. 216; consider irony, rhyme, rhythm, meter)

30. Let’s try some other poems:
Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
Let’s try some other poems:
Katharyn Howd Machan’s “Hazel Tells LaVerne” (handout; consider diction, irony, and allusion)

31. (p. 223; consider image, diction, rhythm)
Let’s try some other poems:
William Carlos Williams’ “This Is Just to Say”
(p. 223; consider image, diction, rhythm)

32. Let’s try some other poems:
Sentence Fragments (Grammar #6) and More Poetry
Let’s try some other poems:
e.e. cummings’ “she being Brand”
(handout; consider meta- phor, imagery, diction, syntax, rhythm, and the odd capitaliza-tion, line breaks, and spacing)