1. Properties of Matter 5.1 Matter is made of atoms. 5.2
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NEW CHAPTER
Properties of Matter
the BIG idea
Matter is made of atoms and has observable properties.
5.1
Matter is made of atoms.
5.2
Matter combines to form different substances.
5.3
Matter has observable properties.
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2. 5.1 CALIFORNIA Content Standards Matter is made of atoms.
8.3.a Students know the structure of the atom and know it is composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
8.3.c Students know atoms and molecules form solids by building up repeating patterns, such as the crystal structure of NaCl or long-chain polymers.
atom
molecule
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3. 5.1
Matter is made of atoms.
An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.
atom
Two or more atoms bonded together form a molecule.
molecule
Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
water
oxygen
hydrogen
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4. 5.1 atom Matter is made of atoms.
molecule
The smallest particle of an element that has the chemical properties of that element.
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5. Atoms are Extremely Small
Atoms are so small that they cannot be seen by any optical microscope.
A single teaspoon of water contains 500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms.
Though they are very small, atoms do have mass.

6. 5.1
Molecules
atom
molecule
molecule
A group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds so that they move as a single unit.
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7. Molecules
A molecule is the smallest amount of a substance that is still considered to be that substance.
If you divided the teaspoon of water into its smallest part, you would have one molecule of water. If you divided the molecule, you would no longer have water; you would have two different atoms.

8. Structure of Molecules
The structure of a molecule has an effect on its properties, such as its boiling point, melting point, flexibility.
One common structure is a crystal. Crystals occur when atoms combine to form repeating patterns.

9. Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
Dust particles do not fall to the ground; they dart back and forth because they are always colliding with molecules in the air.
If you look at a beam of light shining through a window, you can see the darting motion of the dust.

10. Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
Molecules in liquids move around too.
If you drop food coloring into water, the movement of the water molecules causes the food coloring to spread throughout the water.
Molecules in a solid are also always moving.
Molecules in a table shake back and forth, or twist, even though they stay in the same place.

11. Matter combines to form different substances.
5.2
Matter combines to form different substances.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
8.3.b Students know that compounds are formed by combining two or more different elements and that compounds have properties that are different from their constituent elements.
element
compound
mixture
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12. Matter combines to form different substances.
5.2
Matter combines to form different substances.
Matter can be pure, such as an element (gold), or a compound (water).
element
compound
mixture
Element: Gold
Compound: Dry Ice
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13. Matter combines to form different substances.
5.2
Matter combines to form different substances.
Matter can be pure, such as an element (gold), or a compound (water).
element
Matter can be a mixture. Mixtures contain two or more pure substances.
compound
mixture
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14. Matter combines to form different substances.
Pure matter contains only one type of substance.
For example, pure silver contains only silver atoms and pure gold contains only gold atoms.
Water is pure if it contains only water molecules, because every molecule would have the same combination of atoms.

15. 5.2 element Matter combines to form different substances.
compound
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes. An element consists of atoms of only one type.
mixture
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16. Matter combines to form different substances.
Mixed matter contains more than one type of substance.
Most familiar substances are mixed.
Air contains many different molecules.
Drinking water contains water molecules and dissolved minerals.
Jewelry often contains a mixture of different metals.

17. 5.2 compound Matter combines to form different substances.
element
compound
compound
A substance made up of two or more different types of atoms bonded together.
mixture
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18. 5.2 mixture Matter combines to form different substances.
element
mixture
compound
A combination of two or more substances that do not combine chemically but remain the same individual substances. Mixtures can be separated by physical means.
mixture
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19. Compounds and mixtures may seem similar, but they are very different.
The substances in mixtures are still the same substances.
One type of fruit in a fruit salad does not change into a different fruit.
The substances in compounds are combined and form new substances because the atoms in compounds are all bonded together.

20. Compounds and mixtures may seem similar, but they are very different.
Mixtures can still be separated by physical means.
Compounds can only be separated if the bonds between the atoms are broken.

21. Compounds and mixtures may seem similar, but they are very different
Mixtures may have combinations of elements in different amounts, and may change throughout the mixture.
Compounds are made of identical units, which have specific numbers and types of atoms.

22. Mixtures can either be the same everywhere or change depending on which part of the mixture you observe.
A heterogeneous mixture has different properties in different areas of the mixture.
For example, soil is a mixture of dirt, rock, leaves, and living things. But every scoop of soil has different amounts of these components.

23. A homogeneous mixture looks the same everywhere.
Mixtures can either be the same everywhere or change depending on which part of the mixture you observe.
A homogeneous mixture looks the same everywhere.
If you stir a packet of sugar into water, the glass of water will look the same wherever you look.
Each drop of water will taste the same and contain about the same amount of sugar and water.
It is also difficult to separate the two substances.

24. Matter has observable properties.
5.3
Matter has observable properties.
CALIFORNIA
Content Standards
8.5.c Students know chemical reactions usually liberate heat or absorb heat.
8.5.d Students know physical processes include freezing and boiling, in which a material changes form with no chemical reaction.
8.7.c Students know substances can be classified by their properties, including their melting temperature, density, hardness, and thermal and electrical conductivity.
physical property
physical change
chemical property
chemical change
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25. Matter has observable properties.
5.3
Matter has observable properties.
• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.
physical property
• Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance.
physical change
chemical property
chemical change
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26. Matter has observable properties.
5.3
Matter has observable properties.
• Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance.
physical property
• Physical changes can change some physical properties but do not change the substance.
physical change
• Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances.
chemical property
chemical change
• Chemical changes create new substances.
VISUALIZATION
Explore some physical and chemical changes.
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27. 5.3 physical property Matter has observable properties.
physical change
chemical property
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance.
chemical change
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28. Physical Properties
Color, shape, size, mass, volume, and density are examples of physical properties.
All of the senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell) can be used to observe properties of a substance.
Some physical properties, such as mass, volume, and density are measured.
Others, such as color and shape, are simply observed.

29. Physical Properties
Some physical properties, such as density and hardness, can help identify substances.
Other properties, such as mass, cannot.
Example-The ability of a rubber band to stretch is an example of a physical property. This may change the size of the rubber band, but it does not change the fact that it is a rubber band.

30. 5.3 physical change Matter has observable properties.
physical property
physical change
physical change
chemical property
A change in a substance that does not change the substance into a different one.
chemical change
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31. Physical Change
A substance can go through many physical changes and still remain the same substance.
As long as the substance remains the same, it has only undergone physical changes.
Examples of physical change are- stretching a rubber band, breaking a piece of clay in half, and freezing water to form ice. All changes of state are physical changes.

32. 5.3 chemical property Matter has observable properties.
physical property
chemical property
physical change
chemical property
A characteristic of a substance that describes how it can form a new substance.
chemical change
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33. Chemical Properties
A chemical property describes how a substance can form new substances.
Examples: The ability to burn, the ability to rust, and the ability to tarnish.

34. 5.3 chemical change A change of one substance into another substance.
Matter has observable properties.
physical property
chemical change
physical change
chemical property
A change of one substance into another substance.
Examples: Burning, rusting, or tarnishing
chemical change
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35. Chemical Changes
If you are unable to see a new substance, there are different clues that a chemical change still may have occurred.
Production of an Odor
Change in Temperature
Change in Color
Formation of Bubbles
Formation of a Solid

36. 5.1 Matter is made of atoms. I. Matter is made of atoms.
A. Atoms are extremely small.
molecule
1. Atoms
2. Molecules
3. Structure of Molecules
4. Crystal Structure
B. Atoms and molecules are always in motion.
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37. Matter combines to form different substances.
5.2
Matter combines to form different substances.
II. Matter combines to form different substances.
element
A. Matter can be pure or mixed.
compound
1. Elements
mixture
2. Compounds
3. Mixtures
4. Comparing Mixtures and Compounds
B. Parts of mixtures can be the same or different throughout.
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38. 5.3 Matter has observable properties.
III. Matter has observable properties.
physical property
A. Physical properties describe a substance.
physical change
1. Physical Properties
chemical property
2. Physical Properties of Substances
chemical change
3. Physical Changes
B. Chemical properties describe how substances form new substances.
1. Chemical Properties and Changes
2. Signs of a Chemical Change
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VISUALIZATION
Explore some physical and chemical changes.

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water
oxygen
hydrogen
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41. Image Gallery Element: Gold Compound: Dry Ice CHAPTER HOME
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