1. Sean Weber Energy Engineer

2. Example Electric Bill
(High Previous Demand -100) * 0.6 = Minimum Billing Demand

3. Example Electric Bill
(High Previous Demand -100) * 0.6 = Minimum Billing Demand

4. Example Electric Bill
(High Previous Demand -100) * 0.6 = Minimum Billing Demand

5. Electric Tariffs – Provided by Utility Company
(High Previous Demand -100) * 0.6 = Minimum Billing Demand

6. Example Electric Bill Minimum Billed Demand
( ) x 0.6 = kW
( ) x 0.6 =333.5 kW
(High Previous Demand -100) * 0.6 = Minimum Billing Demand

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9. PJM – RTO Regional Tranmission Organization9

11. Utility Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the practice of comparing the measured performance of a facility to itself and its peers
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)
EUI =((Total kWh x kBtu/kWh) + (Total mmBtus of Gas x 1000 kBtu/mmBtu))
Total Gross Square Footage
Total Utility Cost Intensity (TCI)
TCI = 12 Months Total Utility Cost (Gas and Electric)
Total Gross Square Footage
Can Normalize the bills to weather using HDD and CDD

12. Where to Start? – Create a Systems Operation Map
Document the following items for each area type;
Occupancy Schedules
Served by what HVAC system (AHU, Chiller, Boiler, Etc.)
Lighting and HVAC Schedules and methods of control
Occupied Setpoints and Unoccupied Setpoints
Terminal Unit Heaters in space
Other large energy users (EFs, Air Compressors, Etc.)
Can Normalize the bills to weather using HDD and CDD

13. No Cost/Low Cost Energy Savings Opportunities
Energy Savings Opportunities from Systems Operation Map
Tighten HVAC and Lighting Schedules so they match Occupancy Schedules
Adjust Occupied and Unoccupied Setpoints
Ensure at least Two degree deadband between Cooling and Heating Setpoints
Adjust Terminal Unit Heater Setpoints
Turn off Terminal Unit Heaters in cooling season
Tie Exhaust Fan Schedules to HVAC schedules
Fix leaks in Air Compressor lines
Lower Air Compressor Setpoint if possible
Can Normalize the bills to weather using HDD and CDD

14. Other Low Cost Energy Savings Opportunities
Encourage Occupants to shutoff computer monitors and Lights
Remove Incandescent Light Bulbs and replace with LEDs
Replace Exit Lights with LEDs
Close Gaps Around Doors and Windows
Optimize Janitorial Staff so fewer lights are on
Effective Preventative Maintenance Plan
Can Normalize the bills to weather using HDD and CDD

15. What to do Next?
Investigate the Building Automation and Controls Systems
Does the system simultaneous heat and cool often?
Are outside air dampers properly sealing?
Are economizers functioning optimally?
Are you bringing in more outside air than required?
Is there Senor Error? Have Pneumatics been calibrated?
Has the systems sequence of operations been adjusted as spaces have changed?
Mention Handout regarding

16. Retro-Commissioning and Fine-Tuning
process to improve the efficiency of an existing
building’s equipment and systems. It can often
resolve problems that have developed throughout
the building’s life as equipment has aged, and
building usage has changed.
Retro-commissioning is a process to improve the efficiency of an existing building’s equipment and systems. It can often resolve problems that occurred during design or construction, or address problems that have developed throughout the building’s life as equipment has aged, or as building usage has changed. 
Why is retro-commissioning important?
Commercial buildings frequently undergo operational and occupancy changes that challenge the mechanical, electrical and control systems, hindering optimal performance. In today’s complex buildings, systems are highly interactive, with sophisticated controls that can create a trickle-down effect on building operations – small problems have big effects on performance.1   All buildings can experience performance degradation over time.

17. Retro-Commissioning and Fine-Tuning
Retro-commissioning is a process to improve the efficiency of an existing building’s equipment and systems. It can often resolve problems that occurred during design or construction, or address problems that have developed throughout the building’s life as equipment has aged, or as building usage has changed. 
Why is retro-commissioning important?
Commercial buildings frequently undergo operational and occupancy changes that challenge the mechanical, electrical and control systems, hindering optimal performance. In today’s complex buildings, systems are highly interactive, with sophisticated controls that can create a trickle-down effect on building operations – small problems have big effects on performance.1   All buildings can experience performance degradation over time.

18. Capital Investments for Energy Efficiency
Building wide Interior and Exterior LED lighting Upgrades
BAS upgrade and or replacement
Fundamental system design changes
Aging boiler and chiller replacements with energy efficient options
Retro-commissioning is a process to improve the efficiency of an existing building’s equipment and systems. It can often resolve problems that occurred during design or construction, or address problems that have developed throughout the building’s life as equipment has aged, or as building usage has changed. 
Why is retro-commissioning important?
Commercial buildings frequently undergo operational and occupancy changes that challenge the mechanical, electrical and control systems, hindering optimal performance. In today’s complex buildings, systems are highly interactive, with sophisticated controls that can create a trickle-down effect on building operations – small problems have big effects on performance.1   All buildings can experience performance degradation over time.

19. It Never Ends!
Retro-commissioning is a process to improve the efficiency of an existing building’s equipment and systems. It can often resolve problems that occurred during design or construction, or address problems that have developed throughout the building’s life as equipment has aged, or as building usage has changed. 
Why is retro-commissioning important?
Commercial buildings frequently undergo operational and occupancy changes that challenge the mechanical, electrical and control systems, hindering optimal performance. In today’s complex buildings, systems are highly interactive, with sophisticated controls that can create a trickle-down effect on building operations – small problems have big effects on performance.1   All buildings can experience performance degradation over time.