1. Dr. Manuel Vallée University of Auckland Semester 2 - 2016
SOC 102 – BECOMING MODERN: The Social Origins & Consequences of Modernity
Dr. Manuel Vallée
University of Auckland
Semester

2. OUTLINE - LECTURE 4a
• Tuakana announcement • Recap • The Protestant Reformation • The Scientific Revolution

3. THE RELIGIOUS REFORMATIONS

4. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?

5. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?

6. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?

7. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?
- Was it a force for conflict, division and repression?

8. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?
- Was it a force for conflict, division and repression?
- Is it history’s premier example of religion’s ability to inspire selfless idealism?

9. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?
- Was it a force for conflict, division and repression?
- Is it history’s premier example of religion’s ability to inspire selfless idealism?
- Or is a cautionary tale of fanaticism and intolerance pursued in the name of faith?

10. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?
- Was it a force for conflict, division and repression?
- Is it history’s premier example of religion’s ability to inspire selfless idealism?
- Or is a cautionary tale of fanaticism and intolerance pursued in the name of faith?
- Was it about religion at all?

11. The Protestant Reformation
• What was the Protestant Reformation?
- Was it a force for progress, liberty and modernity?
- Was it a force for conflict, division and repression?
- Is it history’s premier example of religion’s ability to inspire selfless idealism?
- Or is a cautionary tale of fanaticism and intolerance pursued in the name of faith?
- Was it about religion at all?
- Or was it an instance par excellence of spiritual motivations being cynically invoked to legitimate economic & political changes?

12. The Protestant Reformation
• Different Aspects of the Reformation
- Lutheranism

13. The Protestant Reformation
• Different Aspects of the Reformation
- Lutheranism - Calvinism

14. The Protestant Reformation
• Different Aspects of the Reformation - Lutheranism - Calvinism - The English Reformation

15. The Protestant Reformation
• Different Aspects of the Reformation
- Lutheranism - Calvinism - The English Reformation - The Radical Reformation

16. The Protestant Reformation
• Different Aspects of the Reformation - Lutheranism - Calvinism - The English Reformation - The Radical Reformation - The Catholic Counter-Reformation

17. The Protestant Reformation
• Who were the drivers of this historical event?

18. The Protestant Reformation
Who were the drivers of this historical event?
Martin Luther ( ) Germany

19. The Protestant Reformation
Who were the drivers of this historical event?
Martin Luther ( ) Germany
Huldrych Zwingli ( ) Switzerland

20. The Protestant Reformation
Who were the drivers of this historical event?
Martin Luther ( ) Germany
Huldrych Zwingli ( ) Switzerland
John Calvin ( ) France & Switzerland

21. The Protestant Reformation
Who was Martin Luther?

22. The Protestant Reformation
Key Dates for Martin Luther:
1483: Born
1505: law student caught in thunderstorm
1507: ordained as priest
1510: arrival in Rome
1517: Valla’s Donation of Constantine printed in Germany.
1517: On October 31st, Luther posts the theses against indulgences.
1517: Within 2 weeks the theses spread throughout Germany
1517: Within 2 months the theses spread throughout Europe
1518: January the theses are translated from Latin into German.
: Luther wrote 30+ tracts, with more than 300,000 copies printed.
- 1520: Pope Leo X demanded that Luther retract all his writings
1521: Holy Roman Emperor Charles V demanded the same of Luther
In both cases, Luther refused
1521: Pope excommunicates Luther & brands him an outlaw
1524: German peasants rise up.
1529: Group of German princes “protest” against calls to condemn Luther.
1533: Henry VIII (UK) splits from Rome
1546: Martin Luther dies
By the time of his death, councils with reformed church tendencies controlled 1) Wittenberg, 2) Nuremberg, 3) Strasbourg, 4) Zurich, 5) Berne, and 6) Basle.

23. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

24. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

25. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

26. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

27. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

28. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

29. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

30. What Were Key Differences with Catholicism?

31. What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?

32. What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?
The Church’s opulent spending

33. What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?

34. What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?

35. What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?

36. What Prompted Luther to Write the 95 Theses?
The Church’s opulent spending
The Church’s corruption and greed, as exemplified by the indulgences

37. The Debate

38. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Suppress the reformers

39. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Suppress the reformers
Intimidate through art

40. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Suppress the reformers
Intimidate through art
Set up systems of social control

41. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
SUPPRESS THE REFORMERS
1520: The Pope Pressured Luther to recant his writings
1521: The Pope Excommunicated Martin Luther

42. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
2) INTIMIDATE THROUGH ART
: Vatican commissioned Donation of Constantine painting
: Michelangelo’s “The Last Judgment”

43. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Donation of Constantine ( )

44. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
Michelangelo’s
“The Last Judgment”
( )

45. What was the Reaction of the Catholic Church?
3) SET UP SYSTEMS OF SOCIAL CONTROL
- 1540: Pope founds Society of Jesuits to “strive especially for the propagation and defense of the faith and progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine”
- 1542: Pope established the Roman Inquisition to hunt down heretics & reformers
- 1545: Pope convened the Council of Trent to rebut Protestantism
- 1563: Mass censorship through the “Index of forbidden books”

46. How far did Lutheranism spread?

47. How far did Lutheranism spread?

48. What factors Contributed to the Effectiveness of Luther’s Criticism?

49. What was the cultural impact of the Protestant Reformation?

50. What were the Social Consequences of the Protestant Reformation?

51. How did the Protestant Reformation Alter the Distribution of Power in European Society?

52. How did the Protestant Reformation Contribute to the Development of Modernity?

53. Main Elements of Modernity
Individualism
Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason
Secularism
Democracy
Nationalism
Industrialization
7) Rapid technological change
8) Urbanization

54. Main Elements of Modernity
Individualism
Shift from superstitious thinking to logic & reason
Secularism
Democracy
Nationalism
Industrialization
7) Rapid technological change
8) Urbanization
Also:
Religious intolerance
Religious wars