1. Teddy Roosevelt the Progressive W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington

3. Teddy Roosevelt: The Progressive
After the assassination of William McKinley, his VP Teddy Roosevelt becomes President in 1901.
Be super familiar with Roosevelt as a Progressive, as a Conservationists, and as an Imperialist
As Governor of NY in 1898, he was certainly familiar with “How the Other Half Lives”, and toured Tenements with Riis. He supported city and statewide progressive reforms like housing and factory conditions
As President, he will certainly help push through some national reforms, but he will be a friend of business in certain areas

4. Teddy Roosevelt: The Progressive
Attempted to appoint people who would better enforce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) and the Interstate Commerce Act. Famously T.R. breaks up the Northern Securities Company (owned by JP Morgan)
Created the Bureau of Corporations tasked with assisting the Justice Department in investigating business practices
Got the Hepburn Act (1906) passed through Congress. This law allowed the federal government to set shipping rates on railroads, and ended the practice of discriminatory shipping deals. Major piece of legislation. Know it.

5. Teddy Roosevelt: The Progressive
Roosevelt serves his terms as President, and retires temporarily from politics
After some adventuring through Africa and South America, he re-enters politics not as a Republican, but under his own new Progressive banner
He decides he wanted to run for President again in and delivers his famous “New Nationalism Speech” where he argued the private property needed to be controlled to whatever degree the public welfare may require it”

7. Teddy Roosevelt: The Progressive
Roosevelt supports Women’s Suffrage, a national minimum wage for women, and a national child labor law
He and his supporters split from the Republican Party and Roosevelt’s hand picked successor Taft, and became known as the Progressive Party or the “Bull Moose Party”
The Election of 1912 has four major candidates:
Teddy Roosevelt (Progressive/Bull Moose Party)
Eugene Debs (Socialist Party)
William Howard Taft (Republican and current President)
Woodrow Wilson (Democrat)
All candidates support some level of Progressive Reforms. What does that tell you about the current pulse of many American Voters?

11. La Follette and the Wisconsin Idea
Progressive and Socialist government policies are being experimented with in the early 1900’s. The goal was to apply intelligence, education, and reason to the issues of society in order to come up with a plan that benefitted everyone
Robert La Follette the Progressive Gov of Wisconsin advocated for government intervention in the economy and wanted Progressive economic experts to dictate economic policies
His policies and reforms became known as the Wisconsin Idea and a number of State reforms are passed under La Follette
He fought to give Wisconsin citizens the right to the Recall (process for removing an elected official) and Referendum (process where voters actually vote on specific laws/policies instead of law makers)

13. Courts and Progressive reform
In the era of Progressive reform, the Court (State and Supreme Courts) often tries to undermine the efforts of reforms and support large businesses and property interests
Strike down early efforts at a federal income tax
In NY, strike down a public health law preventing cigar manufacturing in Tenements
Federal Supreme Court: Lochner V. New York (1905) the court tells the state of New York (meaning the law makers in NY) that they cannot limit the hours pf a baker’s work day because it violated his right to make a contract.
Courts typically use the 14th Amendment and the right to property to justify their anti-progressive rulings

14. W.E.B. DuBois
Harvard educated early Civil Rights leader from Massachusetts
America’s leading African American intellectual in 1900
Founded the NAACP (National Association for the advancement of Colored People)
Declared “The policy of compromise has failed”
Major voice against Jim Crow Laws and Lynching

15. W.E.B. DuBois
In 1905 called a major Civil Rights meeting on the Canadian side of the Niagara Falls border. They couldn’t find a hotel on the US side to host them
Advocated for full voting rights, an end to racial discrimination, equal treatment in the justice system, and equal opportunity in education, jobs, health care, and military service
Becomes known as the leader of the Niagara Movement advocating for these changes in society. These changes will not be realized until after the death of Dr. Martin Luther King.
DuBois does not want to accept anything less than equality. No compromise. He wants to use legal means to enforce equality. Similar to how it will be done in the 1950’s and 1960’s

16. Booker T. Washington
Born into slavery and experienced the Jim Crow South first hand
Understood that most Blacks lived in the South and were sharecroppers; he advocated for technical trade schools, not traditional higher educational opportunities
Opened Tuskegee Institute in 1881 for African Americans to obtain higher learning

17. Booker T. Washington
Came to prominence in 1895 when he gave his Atlanta Compromise Address
He gave a very concessionary speech to a group of white southern politicians in Georgia where he attempted to avoid conflict and appease State leaders
“In all things that are purely social, we can be as separate as the fingers. Yet as one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress”
Booker T. Washington did not want to antagonize whites by advocating for direct civil rights and equality like W.E.B. DuBois. Instead he wanted to avoid conflict, have his people attend industrial vocational/trade schools, and utilize economic opportunities and entrepreneurship to obtain equality