1. Human blood – Structure and Function
Biochemical and cellular aspects of blood.

2. Blood Structure Functions
Water with chemicals with cells suspended in it.
Functions
Transport gases (O2, CO2), nutrients, hormones, waste
Distributes heat
Maintains homeostasis

3. Blood – Connective Tissue
Connective tissue = cells + fluid matrix
Blood = fluid matrix for movement

4. Blood Composition Plasma = H2O + chemicals = 55%
Formed Elements = cells and platelets = 45%

5. Blood Components- Formed Elements
Red blood cells = erythrocytes = cells, no nucleus when mature
White blood cells = leukocytes = cells, with nucleus
Platelets = thromobcytes = not cells, small chunks of cell
ALL formed in bone marrow. Production stimulated by hormones
RBC, platelet, WBC

6. Red Blood Cells Formed in bone marrow No nucleus when mature
Limited life span
Transport O2 and CO2
Hemoglobin = red colored protein that O2 binds to
Also called Erythrocytes
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell

7. platelets Not cells, cytoplasmic fragments of a large cell
Produce protein (fibrin) when activated with clotting factors
Fibrin traps RBC’s to produce a blood clot

8. Blood and the immune response
The immune response is carried out by white blood cells (leukocytes) that leave the blood stream
When leukocytes leave the blood stream they are ‘fighting’ as part of an active immune response

9. Types of leukocytes

10. Types of leukocytes

11. Types of leukocytes Granulocytes Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil video
What functions do these perform in the immune response?

12. Types of leukocytes Agranulocytes Lymphocyte Monocyte video
What functions do these perform in the immune response?
video

13. Types of leukocytes

14. Types of leukocytes

15. Differential WBC Count
Detection of changes in numbers of circulating WBCs
Indicates infection, poisoning, leukemia, chemotherapy, parasites or allergy reaction
Normal WBC counts
neutrophils 60-70% (up if bacterial infection)
lymphocyte 20-25% (up if viral infection)
monocytes % (up if fungal/viral infection)
eosinophil % (up if parasite or allergy reaction)
basophil <1% (up if allergy reaction or hypothyroid)

16. Pathological conditions: RBC’s
Sickle Cell Anemia

17. Pathological conditions: RBC’s
Anemia

18. Pathological conditions: WBC’s

19. Pathological conditions: WBC’s
Infectious Mononucleosis

20. Pathological conditions: WBC’s
Eosinophilia

21. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer

22. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer

23. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer
The grid has specified dimensions so that the area covered by the lines is known, which makes it possible to count the number of cells in a specific volume of solution.

24. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer

25. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer

26. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer

27. Complete Blood Cell Counts Using a hematocytometer