2. Chapter 1
Learning About You

3. Section 1-1
Looking at Yourself

4. Objectives
Define traits, personality, heredity, environment, self-concept, self-esteem, and self-confidence.
Describe how traits identify a person.
Explain how you can change your physical traits and personality.

5. Personality
Your traits influence your feelings and actions and make you unique.
Start developing early in life
Continue developing throughout life
Your personality reveals who you are.
continued

6. Personality Includes Influences the way you look, think, and behave
how you get along with people
what others think of you
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7. Think Further What words would you use to describe your personality?
Talented
Creative
Cheerful
Funny
Caring

8. Heredity and Environment
There are two factors that affect personality:
heredity
environment
Heredity includes traits received from your parents or ancestors.
Environment is your surroundings and the people in your life.
continued

9. Heredity and Environment
Heredity influences physical traits such as
height and body build
hair, eye, and skin color
These traits are inherited from your parents or ancestors.
© Elena Elisseeva/Shutterstock.com
continued

10. Did You Know?
Each cell in your body contains genes, which determine your traits.
You receive your genes from your parents and ancestors.
For example, if your parents have blue eyes, you are more likely to have them, too.

11. Heredity and Environment
Environment includes
your surroundings
home, neighborhood, and school
the people in your life
family, friends, neighbors, and teachers
Your environment influences your development.

12. Self-Concept
Your self-concept is how you think and feel about yourself.
Other people’s feelings about you influence your self-concept:
parents
friends

13. Think Further
How do you feel about yourself when your parents are proud of you?
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14. Self-Esteem Self-esteem is how you feel about your own self-concept.
Having a healthy self-esteem is feeling good about
yourself
your accomplishments

15. Positive self-concept
Self-Confidence
Self-confidence is the feeling of being sure of yourself and your abilities.
Positive self-concept
Healthy self-esteem
Self-confidence
continued

16. Self-Confidence Having self-confidence means you
believe in yourself and your abilities
can deal with new people and situations in positive ways
feel your actions are worthwhile

17. How You Can Change
Decide how you feel about yourself before making any changes.
Who Am I?
Do you like the person you are?
Are you happy with your appearance?
Are you doing activities you enjoy?
Do you talk a lot, or are you quiet much of the time?
Do you enjoy being with other people?
Are you comfortable spending time alone?
continued

18. How You Can Change Making changes is not easy, but it is possible.
The following tips may help:
Develop a plan.
Get advice from a trusted adult.
Remember that changes take time.

19. Think Further Is there anything you want to change about yourself?
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20. Section 1-1 Review What two factors affect your personality?
heredity and environment
List three physical traits.
(List three:) height; body build; eye, hair, and skin color
continued

21. Section 1-1 Review Define self-concept and self-esteem.
Self-concept is the way you see yourself; self-esteem is how you feel about your self-concept.
Having a positive self-concept and healthy self-esteem creates _____.
self-confidence

22. Section 1-2
Changing and Growing

23. Objectives
Define growth, development, accept, developmental tasks, independence, adolescence, character, and responsibility.
Give examples of ways people continually grow and develop.
Explain how adolescence prepares you to become an adult.

24. Your Growth and Development
Growth refers to changes in your body that can be measured.
Development includes changes related to age:
orderly
directional (moving toward greater complexity)
continued

25. Your Growth and Development
There are four major types of development:
Physical
involves body changes
Intellectual
refers to learning
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continued

26. Your Growth and Development
Social
includes forming friendships and getting along with others
Emotional
involves feelings and the ability to recognize, respect, and accept them
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27. Stages of Growth and Development
There are three main stages in a normal life span:
childhood
adolescence
adulthood
Growth occurs during each life stage.
Abilities increase as a person’s body grows.
continued

28. Stages of Growth and Development
Developmental tasks are skills or behavior patterns that most people achieve at certain stages.
Goals of growth
Achieve tasks in one stage to more easily reach goals of the next stage.

29. Childhood Childhood is the period between birth and adolescence.
Much growth and development occurs.
Skills learned lead to greater independence.
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30. Adolescence Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood.
It begins when a person’s body
starts to develop into an adult size and shape
becomes capable of reproductive abilities (puberty)
continued

31. Adolescence Many changes occur. Adolescents become more self-aware
try to better understand themselves
think more about the direction of their lives
have more intense feelings toward families and friends
develop strong interests
join volunteer programs, clubs, sports, etc.
continued

32. Adolescence
Adolescents develop character, or the traits that guide a person in deciding right from wrong.
Beliefs about what is important help form your character.
Ethics, or the strong beliefs about right and wrong, guide your conduct.
continued

33. Your Character and Ethics
Think Further
How would you answer these questions?
Your Character and Ethics
Are you trustworthy?
Do you assume responsibility?
Do you show respect?
Do you act with fairness?
Are you a caring person?
Do you practice good citizenship?

34. Adolescence Adolescents seek to become more independent from adults.
An important goal of adolescence is fulfilling responsibilities.
A responsibility is a task you are expected or trusted to do.
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35. Developmental Needs of Young Adolescents
Early adolescence refers to the ages between 11 and 14.
Many new feelings occur.
To help meet your needs, get help from your
parents
teachers
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36. Developmental Needs of Young Adolescents
Basic Needs of Young Adolescents
To understand yourself.
To have many different experiences.
To have meaningful relationships.
To have positive relationships with peers.
To be successful.
To become physically fit and healthy.
To have opportunities for physical activity.

37. Adulthood Adulthood is the period that follows adolescence.
During this time, adults have
greater independence
goals that may include finding a career, getting married, and starting a family
Striving to reach these goals adds purpose and meaning to adults’ lives.
continued

38. Adulthood During adulthood, people need to feel useful and stay active
develop interests to pursue after retirement
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39. Section 1-2 Review What are the four areas of growth and development?
physical, intellectual, social, and emotional
What are the three main stages of growth and development?
childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
continued

40. Section 1-2 Review
Your _____ is made up of the traits that guide you in deciding right from wrong.
character
The ages between 11 and 14 are sometimes called _____ _____. (two words)
early adolescence

41. Section 1-3
You and Your Family

42. Objectives
Define relationship, socialization, culture, family, generation, family type, role, siblings, affection, and respect.
Explain why the relationship between children and parents is important.
Give examples of how brothers and sisters can learn to get along with one another.
Describe how people can stay active and independent as they grow older.

43. Family Relationships
The relationship you have with each family member is important.
Family members
have the greatest effect on you
help meet your needs
teach you proper behavior, which is a part of socialization
help you learn the customs of your culture

44. The Family
A family is a group of people related to each other by blood, marriage, or adoption.
May include a mother, father, and children
Other relatives and children who are not related can also be part of the family group that lives together.
continued

45. The Family Family members make up different generations:
brothers and sisters
parents, aunts, and uncles
grandparents
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46. Family Types Family type refers to the makeup of a family.
Nuclear family
Single-parent family
Step-family
Extended
family
Foster
Adoptive
Childless
Guardian
continued

47. Family Types
A nuclear family includes a married couple and their children by birth.
A single-parent family consists of an adult with at least one child.
The parent may be separated, divorced, widowed, or never married.
continued

48. Did You Know?
A mother and her biological children are the most common type of single-parent family.
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49. Family Types
A stepfamily, or blended family, occurs when a single parent marries.
Both the father and mother may have children from previous marriages.
An extended family includes relatives of several generations living together.
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continued

50. Family Types
A foster family temporarily takes care of nonrelated children.
An adoptive family is legally granted responsibility to raise another person’s child as their own.
A childless family is a couple without children.
continued

51. Family Types
A guardian takes responsibility for a child if the parents are unable to provide care.
May be chosen by the family
Is often someone close to the family
Must be legally appointed by a state court

52. Your Roles A role is your place in a group. Your roles may include
son or daughter
brother or sister
grandchild
friend
student
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53. Parents Children have special relationships with their parents.
Parents are responsible for the care and development of their children.
Parents and teens may not always agree.
Good communication is important to help settle disagreements and make the relationship stronger.

54. Brothers and Sisters
Siblings share the responsibility of getting along. Siblings
sometimes disagree, but should learn how to settle differences
can work toward developing kind, caring relationships
show affection in many ways

55. The Older Generation Need love and respect of other family members
Have many interests and hobbies outside the family
Want to care for themselves as much as possible
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56. Section 1-3 Review
Teaching the ways and customs of a culture to others is called _____.
socialization
List three family types.
(List three:) nuclear, single parent, stepfamily, extended, foster, adoptive, childless, guardian
continued

57. Section 1-3 Review What are your roles within your family?
(roles may include:) son or daughter, stepdaughter or stepson, brother or sister, grandchild, niece or nephew, aunt or uncle
A high or special regard for someone is called _____.
respect

58. Section 1-4
Friends

59. Objectives
Define friend, trust, share, peers, peer pressure, reputation, and group dating.
Explain what it means to be a good friend.
Describe how your peers influence you.
Recognize why your family cares about the friends you choose.
Give examples of how you can help your family and friends get to know one another.

60. Friends A friend is someone you care about, trust, and respect.
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61. Being a Friend Friends share thoughts, ideas, and dreams
spend time together
respect and understand each other
help each other when needed
trust each other to keep secrets (unless the secret involves a danger or health risk)

62. Making Friends You may meet new friends through
school and social events
other friends
Tips for meeting new people include
introducing yourself
being open and friendly
getting to know them before forming an opinion

63. Peers Your peers include
people in your class
close friends
other people in your age group
Peer pressure is the influence people’s peers have on them. It can be
negative
positive

64. Think Further
What can you do to improve the way you deal with negative peer pressure?
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65. Families and Friends
Introduce friends to your family so they can get to know one another.
Maintain good communication with your family.
Conflicts may arise from choices of friends.
Respect one another’s opinions.
Choose friends with a good reputation.
continued

66. Families and Friends Friendships may lead to dating experiences:
group dating
casual dating
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67. Ending a Friendship Sometimes, friendships come to an end.
Friendships may end because of
changing interests
having an argument
moving away
Ending a friendship in person
allows both parties to talk about their feelings
is more personal than sending a written message

68. Section 1-4 Review
When you _____ someone, you believe he or she is honest and reliable.
trust
The influence people’s peers have on them is called _____ _____. (two words)
peer pressure
continued

69. Section 1-4 Review Define reputation.
what others think of a person
Give an example of a reason that can cause a friendship to end.
changing interests, having an argument, moving away

70. Communicating with Others
Section 1-5
Communicating with Others

71. Objectives
Define communication, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, active listening, feedback, and bully.
State how you can develop effective communication skills.
Explain the importance of using feedback when communicating.
Describe healthy communication among individuals.

72. Communication
Communication is sending or receiving information, signals, or messages.
Developing good communication skills will help you
resolve conflicts better
communicate in healthy ways
listen and speak effectively

73. How You Communicate Verbal communication Nonverbal communication
written or spoken words
Nonverbal communication
body language
gestures or facial expressions
appearance
choice of clothing

74. Think Further
How do a person’s clothing choices communicate nonverbally?
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75. Communicating Effectively
Effective communication includes
speaking and writing clearly
focusing on what is being said
giving feedback
letting the speaker know you understand
Active listening is focusing on what is said and providing feedback.
continued

76. Communicating Effectively
Tips for Speaking Clearly
Pronounce
words
carefully
Think
before
you speak
Keep your
comments
brief
Use I-messages
continued

77. Communicating Effectively
To write clearly,
practice your handwriting skills
use correct grammar and spelling
think about what you are going to write before you begin
have someone check what you have written to make sure it is understandable
continued

78. Communicating Effectively
To listen actively and provide feedback,
pay attention to the speaker
let the speaker know you are listening
ask questions if something is unclear
repeat what you think the speaker said

79. Positive Behavior Communicate you care about yourself and others:
Be polite.
Have a positive self-concept.
Behave in a positive manner.
Use good manners.

80. Healthy Communication
Having effective communication skills helps you with your
daily life
career
self-esteem
self-confidence
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continued

81. Healthy Communication
Healthy communication means you
express your feelings in positive ways
let others know you care about them
You can express fondness for others by
telling them
writing personal notes or letters
painting a picture
smiling
continued

82. Did You Know?
A person’s smile often communicates happiness or friendliness in cultures around the world.
© Galina Barskaya/Shutterstock.com

83. Healthy Communication
Unhealthy communication occurs when you
do not listen
are hurtful
act like a bully
A bully is a person who uses strength or power to persuade or pressure others (using force or fear) to do something.
continued

84. Healthy Communication
Bullying can be the use of
written, verbal, or electronic expressions
physical acts or gestures
If you experience bullying, talk to a parent or teacher.

85. Think Further
If you see someone being bullied, what can you do to help?
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86. Section 1-5 Review Define the term communication.
sending or receiving information, signals, or messages
What does nonverbal communication mean? Give an example.
the sending and receiving of messages without the use of words; body language, appearance
continued

87. Section 1-5 Review What does active listening mean?
being focused on what is said and providing feedback
A person who uses strength or power to persuade or pressure others (using force or fear) to do something is called a(n) _____.
bully

88. Strengthening Families
Section 1-6
Strengthening Families

89. Objectives
Define challenge, crisis, unity, solution, family council, conflict, conflict resolution, mediator, compromise, family counseling agency, shelter, hotline, and support group.
List some challenges of families.
Describe how challenges affect family members differently.
continued

90. Objectives Explain the conflict resolution process.
Apply communication skills in finding solutions to disagreements.
Identify sources of help for family challenges.

91. Family Challenges A family challenge can be small or large:
arguments
illness
death
job loss
drug or alcohol abuse
A crisis affects the functioning of a family in negative or positive ways.

92. Different Points of View
Difficult situations at home affect children, young adults, and adults differently.
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93. Addressing Challenges
Families should work together:
Address challenges in unity.
Find an agreeable solution to the challenge.
A family council may be helpful when a challenge is difficult.
Allows each family member to express his or her point of view

94. Conflict Resolution
A conflict can occur between family members or friends.
Conflict resolution is the process of finding a solution to a disagreement.
Anger management is controlling your anger.
To resolve conflicts,
use good communication skills
seek help from a mediator
try a compromise

95. Seeking Help
Abuse, the intentional infliction of harm on another person, is one type of crisis.
Physical abuse is causing physical harm to another person.
Emotional abuse occurs when one person undermines another person’s sense of worth.
Verbal abuse is using words to hurt another person.
continued

96. Seeking Help Resources for help include family counseling agency
shelter
hotline
support group

97. Think Further
What organizations in your community provide help to families dealing with challenges?
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98. Section 1-6 Review
A(n) _____ is a demanding or difficult task or situation that can be a source of distress.
challenge
What is the process of finding a solution to a disagreement called?
conflict resolution
continued

99. Section 1-6 Review
An agreement in which both sides are willing to give up a little of what they wanted is called a(n) _____.
compromise
Give an example of a community resource.
Examples may include family counseling agencies, shelters, hotlines, support groups