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The War
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Schlieffen Plan General Schlieffen believed Germany could reach Paris & defeat the French in 6 weeks Then move to the Eastern Front & fight the Russians Problems with his plan Troops went through an area that was too fortified Stronger resistance by the Belgians Russian army mobilized quicker than expected
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1914-1915 Most people believed they had a just cause Western Front
Believed it would be a short war Western Front First Battle of the Marne: Germans stopped before making it to Paris; saved Paris & boosted French morale War turned into a stalemate – both sides dug trenches from the English Channel to Switzerland; dug to protect themselves
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Cabs carrying troops to the
First Battle of the Marne
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Eastern Front More mobile than the western
Battle of Tannenberg: Russians defeated by the Germans; never really recovered Battle of Masurian Lakes: Russians defeated – no longer a threat to Germany Italy got out of the Triple Alliance Allied Powers: France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
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Western Front - 1916-1917 Trench warfare
5 ft. high barbed wire, 30 yds of no man’s land; 500 miles long; land mines No one knew how to fight this way Tried to breakthrough the lines – didn’t work, cost many lives Lived here for weeks at a time Endured cold, mud, rats, disease Soldiers went over the top of their trenches to attack the enemy Opponents then mowed them down with heavy artillery & machine guns Battle of Ypres Germans introduced poison gas; chlorine gas Caused blindness, choking, vomiting, torn lungs, & death
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Battle of Verdun-1916 Battle of the Somme
Surprise attack by the Germans Lasted 6 months-bloodiest battle of the war 700,000 men died – Germans lost to the French Battle of the Somme British introduced the tank; not an effective weapon during the battle Planes were introduced during; WWI First to spot the enemy Attacked ground targets Dogfights in the air
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German Albatross
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US DeHaviland DH-4
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German Fokker DR – 1 Red Baron
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German Fokker Eindecker
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French Nieuport
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British Handley Page 0/400
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French Nieuport 17C
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British SE5A Scout
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British Sopwith Camel
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Manfred von Richthofen
Red Baron
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Entry of the U.S. Tried to remain neutral
Immediate cause: Germans sank the Lusitania – had over 100 Americans on it Zimmermann Telegram: German minister promised Mexico they would get their lands returned if they helped the Germans; telegram was discovered & printed; angered many Americans Germany stopped unrestricted submarine warfare 1917: Germans began unrestricted warfare again U.S. came into the war in April 2, 1917 on the Allied side Brought a psychological boost, money, & war goods
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Total War WWI had turned into a total war Involved all citizens
Price, wage, & rent controls Rationed food supplies Newspapers were censored Use of propaganda Women took over jobs when the men left
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Pair Assignment Why did the U.S. enter WWI?
How did the war turn into a war of attrition?
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