1. Vocabulary and Characters for The Tempest
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2. Milan- large Norther Italian city and capital of the Duchy of Milan
Milan- large Norther Italian city and capital of the Duchy of Milan. Insert map image?
Duchy-independent territory ruled by a duke or duchess.
Duke or Duchess-the prince / princess or ruler of a small principality. The title is inherited, not earned.
Naples – large southern Italian city on the Mediterranean coast and center of an independent kingdom. In the 15th century, Milan and Naples were rivals for power. Insert map image?
Mediterranean – the sea that surrounds the Italian peninsula.

3. Tempest – A violent windstorm, frequently accompanied  by rain, snow, or hail
Alliteration – the repetition of initial sounds: “The wills above be done, but I / would fain die a dry death” (Tmp. I.i )
Azure - A bright blue, as of a clear sky.
Pine – a tall coniferous tree with needles. Insert photo?
Cedar - Coniferous tree/shrub. The durable aromatic wood of any of these plants, especially that of the red cedar, often used to make chests.

4. Staff - A stick or cane carried as an aid in walking or climbing, or used as a weapon, or carried as a symbol of authority.
Personification – when a nonhuman thing is described as having human thoughts and feelings. Ex. “What cares these/roarers (waves of the ocean) for the name of the king?” (Tmp. I.i )
Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds.. Ex. “Now would I give a thousand furlongs of sea for an acre of barren ground: long heath, brown…” (Tmp. I.i )

5. Iambic Pentameter – a meter consisting of five feet, each containing an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Ex. “Thy mother was a piece of virtue and…” (Tmp. I.i. 57)
Blank Verse – poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.
Metaphor – figurative language where two dissimilar things are compared directly. Ex. When Prospero compares his brother to an ivy and himself to a tree that the ivy is feeding on. He’s saying that his brother is a damaging parasite with an attractive outward appearance. Lines in Act I, Scene i.

6. 17. Alonso
Alonso is the King of Naples. An enemy of Prospero’s, he accepted Antonio’s proposition to help the latter usurp Prospero’s throne in return for Antonio’s swearing Milan’s fealty to Naples.
On his way back from the wedding of his daughter in Tunis, a storm casts him on a magic island, where he searches for his son Ferdinand, whom he barely dares hope may have survived the wreck. Ariel’s imprecations and condemnations at the vanishing feast wake remorse in him, and believing that Ferdinand has drowned, he runs off to do the same to himself. Trapped inside his mind, he wakens to find Prospero before him, and immediately returns the freedom of his Dukedom to him and begs for his pardon. He is reconciled with him, particularly when he discovers that his son is in fact alive, and he is more than happy to acquiesce to Ferdinand marrying Prospero’s daughter.

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8. 18.Sebastian Sebastian is the brother of Alonso, the King of Naples.
He helped Antonio usurp Prospero, and is now convinced by the latter to kill his own brother and thus become King, the rightful heirs being either drowned or in Tunis. Prevented by Ariel’s actions from murdering Alonso, he follows him in his search for the missing Ferdinand. He is arrogant and insulting to his lesser. Ariel’s imprecations leave him searching for someone to fight. He is frightened at the magician’s knowledge of his plot against his brother, but recovers enough to mock Stefano’s pretensions.

9. 19. Prospero Prospero is the deposed Duke of Milan.
He was rather a failure as Duke, spending most of his time cooped up in his library and allowing his brother Antonio to surreptitiously take over the state before finally doing so by force. He is learned, and in continuous study: every day he spends three hours reading in his study. He is also versed in the magical arts, though most of his magic is in fact performed by Ariel, who is bound to him in service. Protective of his daughter, he does not tell her of their history, nor for that matter of the existence of other human beings, until the day she is to meet the various people responsible for their exile. He is capable of harsh threats to keep his servants in line, and scarcely utters a kind word to Caliban. He promises Ariel his freedom, though there is always another task to do first; the spirit will not in fact be free until all the persons on the island have safely reached home. He is concerned for the safety of the innocents on board the ship, and though he wishes revenge on the various people who betrayed him he comes to consider that the pains they have suffered on the island suffice as purgation, and that forgiveness is the better course. He is delighted when Ferdinand and Miranda fall for each other, though he sets himself up as a tyrannical father to test their love and is strongly in favor of pre-marital abstinence. Though he succeeds in his goal of recovering his Dukedom, it is at the price of having to abandon his magic when he leaves the island.

10. 20. Antonio
Antonio is Prospero’s brother. He usurped the throne of Milan from his brother with Alonso’s help, willingly abandoning the sovereignty of the Dukedom to Naples.
He shows no appreciation for the island, and finds Gonzalo overly talkative and silly. He has no qualms about loudly mocking him. He suggests to Alonso’s brother Sebastian that the latter usurp the throne of Naples, and offers to perform the murder himself. Lacking chances to do the deed, he follows the King. Ariel’s imprecations leave him searching for someone to fight. He is arrogant, cynical, and a through-and- through villain, not willing to pray for salvation when the ship is sinking and blaming the wreck on the mariners. Faced by Prospero, who begrudgingly forgives him while taking back his Dukedom, he says nothing. He is still able to mock Caliban, however.

11. 21. Ferdinand
Ferdinand is Alonso’s son. Cast up on his own on the island after the wreck, he is convinced that his father has drowned, not least by Ariel’s songs.
He comes across Miranda and falls head over heels in love with her at first sight. He accepts his enforced servitude to Prospero for her sake, and his willingness gains him her hand. He is a fine specimen of a human being, plays chess, and assures Prospero that he doesn’t approve of pre-marital sex.

12. 22. Gonzalo Gonzalo is an old man, an honest counselor of Alonso’s.
Charged with putting Prospero out to sea in a sinking ship, he took pity on the usurped Duke and gave him food, drink, books and all the necessities of life to take with him. A Panglossian optimist, he dreams of utopias and sees the best in everything, though he has no taste for the hard-swearing Boatswain. He recognizes that Alonso is suffering from guilt over Prospero when the latter becomes desperate after the vanishing feast. He is given to moralizing.

13. 23. Adrian
Adrian is a lord in Alonso’s suite. He appreciates the climate of the island where they have landed, and questions Gonzalo’s scholarship.
He does not hear Ariel’s condemnations at the vanishing feast, and follows the King in fear for what he may do.

14. 24. Francisco
Francisco is a lord in Alonso’s suite. He attempts to comfort the King with the hope that Ferdinand may be alive, but is unsuccessful. He is intrigued by the vanishing of the spirits at the feast.

15. 25. Caliban
Caliban is the savage son of the witch Sycorax, and was born on the island.
When Prospero arrives on the island, he shows him all its secrets that he knows, and in return is educated by Miranda and her father. He attempts to rape the girl, however, and is thereafter enslaved. He is not a happy slave. Prospero keeps him obedient by sending his spirits to torment him with pinching and bruising, though he cannot lock up Caliban’s tongue. He is more than willing to worship any person who brings him a hope of freedom, particularly if they give him alcohol, and so he falls in with Stefano and Trinculo, not realizing the extent of their foolishness. His thoughts towards Prospero are brutishly violent, but he is not immune to aesthetics, and enjoys the musics that can be heard throughout the island. When sobered up, he becomes aware of the madness of his revolt. Though distinctly human in form, he is considered deformed by many, and often called a monster; there is also something fishy about him, possibly his odor.

16. And the rest…
26.Shipmaster 27. Boatswain 28. Mariners 29. Miranda 30. Iris 31. Ceres 32. Ariel 33. Juno