1. Chapter 19 The Renaissance

2. Renaissance Renaissance: Time period after the Middle Ages
Significance:
Time when interest in art and literature was revived
Location:
Italy

3. Renaissance Humanism:
A way of thinking and learning that stresses the importance of human abilities & actions

4. Italian Writers Niccolo Machiavelli: Writer of “The Prince”
Significance:
Advised leaders on how to rule
Advice:
Sometimes rulers had to be ruthless to keep order

5. Italian Artists Perspective:
A way of showing depth and distance on a flat surface

6. Italian Artists Michelangelo: Sculptor & painter Famous piece:
Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

7. Italian Artists Leonardo da Vinci: His work show human emotions
Famous piece:
Mona Lisa

8. Renaissance Writers William Shakespeare:
Considered greatest writer in the English Language
Best known for:
Writing 30 comedies & tragedies
Famous piece:
Romeo & Juliet

9. Reformation Reformation:
Reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church

10. Reformation Complaints:
Thought that priests and bishops weren’t religious anymore
That the pope was too involved in politics and not religion
Thought the church had grown too rich
People objected to the ways the church earned its money (Indulgences)

11. Reformation Indulgence:
Document given by the pope that excused a person from penalties for the sins that he or she committed.
Purpose:
Was suppose to reduce your or your relatives time in purgatory

12. Reformation in Germany
Martin Luther:
Priest calling for Catholic Church reforms
95 Theses:
List of complaints nailed to the door of the church in Wittenburg

13. Luther’s Reformation Results: Pope Leo X excommunicated him
Ordered to appear before a diet in Worms (city) by German ruler
Diet:
Council of nobles and church officials

14. Reformation Protestants:
Individuals who protest the Roman Catholic church
Lutherans:
Followers of Luther’s teaching
Basis
Anyone could have a direct relationship with God
Live by the words in the Bible

15. Other European Reformations
John Calvin:
Christian reformer
Taught predestination
Live good lives and obey God’s laws

16. Other European Reformations
King Henry VIII
English King
Created:
Church of England
Reason:
Pope refused to end his marriage

17. Catholic Reformation Purpose:
Stop the spread of Protestantism and reform the Catholic Church
Council of Trent:
Meeting of Catholic church members from across Europe

18. Catholic Reformation Goal:
Discuss, debate, and reform Catholic teachings
Results:
1. Selling of indulgences is banned
2. Bishops must live in areas they oversee
3. Ideas of Luther, Calvin, and other Reformation leaders are rejected.