1. The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
ecology.

2. The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
a community.

3. An example of a primary producers
Plants

4. The algae at the beginning of the food chain are
primary producers.

5. In what way are herbivores and carnivores alike?
They both obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

6. What animals eat both producers and consumers?
omnivores

7. What are the three kinds of ecological pyramids?
energy, biomass, and numbers

8. Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level. Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
eliminated as heat.

9. A word that means the same thing as consumer is
heterotroph.

10. The repeated movement of water between Earth’s surface and the atmosphere is called
the water cycle.

11. Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by predators or have died of natural causes are called
scavengers.

12. an abiotic factor in the environment
soil type, rainfall, temperature

13. Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
predators

14. What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?
producers

15. The movement of organisms into a range is called
immigration.

16. When the death rate is becoming higher than the birthrate the population is in __________ size?
decreasing

17. Which of the following correctly describes the growth curve?
exponential

18. During some kinds of population growth, the size of each generation of offspring is larger than the generation before it. So, as the population gets larger, it grows more quickly. This situation is called
exponential growth.

19. As resources in a population become less available, the population reaches its
carrying capacity.

20. In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population
grows quickly.

21. Something that controls the growth or size of a population is
a limiting factor.

22. Competition, crowding, and disease are examples of ________________ limiting factor
density-dependent

23. A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of fish in a lake would be __________ limiting factor.
density-dependent

24. __________ is the scientific study of human populations.
Demography

25. An example of a renewable resource is
trees.

26. Resources that cannot be replaced after they are used up is
Nonrenewable resource

27. How would you describe the pollution shown here?
point source pollution

28. The sulfur and nitrogen compounds in smog combine with water to form
acid rain.

29. The number of different species in the biosphere or in a particular area is called
species diversity.

30. _________ species can threaten biodiversity because they can crowd out native species.
Introduced

31. The land and water ecosystems that provide the resources that a person uses and that neutralize that person’s wastes is part of that person’s
ecological footprint.

32. Who used a compound microscope to see chambers within cork and named them “cells”?
Robert Hooke

33. Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that the cell lacks a nucleus, therefore you know it is a
prokaryote.

34. This type of cell enclose their DNA in a nucleus.
eukaryotes

35. Bacteria are classified as
prokaryotes

36. Which organelle function is to store DNA
nucleus

37. Which organelle breaks down organelles that are no longer useful?
lysosome

38. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
ribosome

39. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
mitochondrion

40. Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
chloroplast

41. Function of the ___________ is to regulate the movement of materials into and out of the cell
cell membrane

42. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called
osmosis

43. Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
active transport

44. The term that describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?
homeostasis

45. A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called
a tissue.

46. An _________is a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
organ system

47. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups

48. Energy is released from ATP when
a phosphate group is removed.

49. Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
autotrophs.

50. Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called
heterotrophs.

51. Which letter represents a single thylakoid?

52. A _________ is a stack of thylakoids.
granum

53. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?
in the thylakoid membrane

54. What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?
electron carrier

55. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy sugars.

56. In the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water result in a molecule of sugar and six molecules of
oxygen.

57. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas

58. The Calvin cycle is another name for the
light-independent reactions.

59. What is a product of the Calvin cycle?
high-energy sugars

60. The correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
glycolysis  Krebs cycle  electron transport

61. Equation for cellular respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

62. What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen

63. a product of cellular respiration?
Water and carbon dioxide

64. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
oxygen.

65. Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of ___ ATP molecules.2

66. The starting molecule for glycolysis is
glucose.

67. The Krebs cycle produces
carbon dioxide.

68. These molecules pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2

69. Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately
36 ATP molecules.

70. The two main types of fermentation are called
alcoholic and lactic acid.

71. The air bubbles and spongy texture of bread are due to which process?
alcoholic fermentation

72. Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of
repaying an oxygen debt.