1. CLASSIFICATION OF LIFE

2. As living things are constantly being investigated, new characteristics are revealed that affect how organisms are placed in a standard classification system.

3. Three Domains of Life
Scientists have classified all living organisms into three super kingdoms or domains
Bacteria – contains the kingdom Eubacteria
Archaea – contains the kingdom Archaebacteria
Eukarya – contains the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

5. Six Kingdoms of Life

6. The grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on 3 factors:
1. Cell Type
Prokaryote or Eukaryote
2. Cell Number
Unicellular or Multicellular
3. Feeding Type
Heterotroph or Autotroph

7. Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes
1. Cell Type- The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, or a cell wall
Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

8. Prokaryotes DO NOT HAVE: a membrane bound nucleus
any membrane bound organelles

9. Prokaryotes
DO HAVE:
DNA
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane

10. Eukaryotes
DO HAVE:
separate membrane bound nucleus
other organelles

11. 2. Cell # - Whether the organisms exist as single cells or as many cells
Unicellular- single celled organism
Multicellular- many celled organism

12. Unicellular
Multicellular

13. 3. Feeding Type - How the organisms get their food
Autotroph or Producer
Makes it’s own food
Heterotroph or Consumer
Must eat other organisms to survive

14. There used to be only 5 kingdoms Moneran Protista Fungi Plantae
Animalia
This kingdom has now been divided into 2 – archaebacteria & eubacteria

15. 6 Kingdoms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

16. Cell Wall Yes Yes & NO NO Kingdom Cell Type Cell # Feeding Type
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph
Eubacteria
Both
Protista
Eukaryote
Most Unicellular
Fungi
Heterotroph
Plantae
Multicellular
Animalia

17. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Ancient bacteria-
Live in very harsh environments
extremophiles

18. Kingdom Eubacteria
It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions.

19. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria
Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes

20. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacterial Shapes
Bacteria come in 3 main shapes
Rod or Stick (bacilli)
Sphere (cocci)
Helical or spiral (spirillus)

21. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacterial Nutrition
Some bacteria are autotrophs and can photosynthesize
Some bacteria are heterotrophs

22. Kingdom Protista
Protists include many widely ranging organisms, including slime molds, protozoa and primitive algae.
Odds & Ends Kingdom

23. Protista There are animal-like, fungus-like, and plant-like protists
Some are beneficial
Some protists can cause diseases in humans, such as:

24. Disease Protist Vector (carrier) Symptoms Details
Amebic dysentery
Ameba histolytica
water
diarrhea
can get from tap water in some places
Giardaisis (beaver fever)
Giardia
diarrhea, vomiting
don't drink water from streams
African Sleeping Sickness
Trypanosoma
Tse tse fly
uncontrolled sleepiness, confusion
Only found in isolated areas lives in blood
Malaria
Plasmodium
Anopheles mosquito
fever, chills, death
can be treated with quinine lives in blood results in millions deaths per year
Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasma
cats
fetal death or brain damage
pregnant women should avoid cat litter

25. Protista Locomotion(movement)
3 types of movement:
Pseudopod (false foot)
Flagella/cilia
Contractile vacuoles

26. Protista Nutrition
Protists can be autotrophs or heterotrophs

27. Kingdom Fungi
The Kingdom Fungi includes some of the most important organisms - decomposers.
By breaking down dead organic material, they continue the cycle of nutrients through ecosystems.

28. Kingdom Fungi All fungi are eukaryotic
They may be unicellular or multicellular
All fungi have a cell wall
Unicellular (yeast)
Multicellular

29. Fungi Fungi can be very helpful and delicious
Penicillin
Fungi can be very helpful and delicious
Many antibacterial drugs are derived from fungi

30. Kingdom Fungi Fungi also causes a number of plant and animal diseases:
Athlete's Foot
Ringworm

31. Kingdom Fungi Nutrition
All fungi are heterotrophs
They absorb nutrients from dead organic matter
They are saprophytes

32. Kingdom Plantae
All plants are multicellular autotrophs that have a cell wall.

33. 4 important plant groups are the:
Mosses ferns & liverworts
Ferns
Cone producing – Gymnosperms
Flower producing - Angiosperms

34. Kingdom Animalia
All animals are multicellular heterotrophs that LACK a cell wall and are capable of movement at some point in their lives.

35. Animals are also classified by their skeletal system
Invertebrates have a hard external skeleton made of chitin known as an exoskeleton
Vertebrates have a hard internal skeleton made of bone

36. Invertebrates

37. Vertebrates

38. Viruses
Viruses do not share many of the characteristics of living organisms.
HIV Virus

39. Viruses Viruses are not cells.
DNA or RNA
Viruses are not cells.
Basic viral structure consists of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) core surrounded by a protein coat.
Viruses cannot reproduce only replicate inside a living cell, the host cell.