1. The Pituitary Gland aka: The Hypophysis
By: Rachel Flores, Scott Garcia, Sujey Ponce, Armando Hernandez

2. Location The hypophysis is located at the base of the brain
Where a pituitary stalk (infundidoulum) attaches it to the hypothalamus

3. Basic Anatomy Pea sized Divided into 2 lobes
Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)
Develops from Rathke’s Pouch
Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary)
Develops from infundibulum

4. General Function Directs other organs to do their jobs
Ex: Pituitary gland tells the Adrenal gland to increase or decrease hormone production
Functions the Pituitary handles:
Production of growth hormones
Regulation of Endocrine System
Production of hormones that affect the function of muscles & kidneys
Production of hormones that control other Endocrine glands
Storage of hormones that are produced by hypothalamus

5. Secretions and Functions
5 types of secretory cells within epithelium and 4 of these secrete a different hormone
1) Growth hormone (GH)
2) Prolactin (PRL)
3) Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
4) Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)*
* Males: LH is known as interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)

6. 1) Growth Hormone (GH)
Functions to stimulate growth in body cells (size and devision rate)
Allows for movement of amino acids across membranes
Regulates body metabolism
Regulates sugar levels in the blood
Controls the rates of utalization of carbohydrates and lipids (fats)

7. 2) Prolactin (PRL)
Stimulates and sustains a woman’s milk production after birth of an infant
Also possibly known to maintain
normal sperm production

8. 3) Thyroid- stimulating hormone (TSH)
Controls secretion of hormones from thyroid gland
Hypothalamus regulates TSH by producing thyroid- releasing hormone (TRH)
As blood concentration of thyroid hormones increase, secretion of TRH and TSH decrease
THS causes the thyroid gland to make 2 hormones
Triiodothyronie (T3)
Thyroxine (T4)
- Help control body’s metabolism

9. 4) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Functions to stimulate production and release of cortisol from the cortex of the adrenal gland
ACTH secretion regulated partly by corticotropin- releasing hormone (CRH)
Stimulation: decreased concentrations of adrenal cortical hormones – stress (CRH)

10. 5) Follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing hormone (LH)
FSH in females: stimulates gonads/ reproduction growth of ovarian follicles in organs the ovary before the release of an egg from the follicle at ovulation
Responsible for ovulation
FSH in males: stimulates testicular growth and enhances production sertoli cells (testes)
LH in females: stimulate estrogen and progesterone production from ovulation
LH in males: stimulates testosterone production from the interstitial cells of testes
LH promotes secretion of sex hormones

11. 6) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (Vasopressin)
- Controls blood pressure by acting on kidneys and blood vessels
- Conserues fluid volume of body by reducing amount of water in your urine

12. 7) Oxytocin (OT)
Contraction of womb (uterus) during childbirth and location
Stimulates uterine wall muscle to contract
* pinch nipples when in birth to cause oxytocin release

13. Diseases or Abnormalities
Insufficient secretion of growth hormone (GH) during childhood limits growth, causing Hypopituitary Dwarfism
Over secretion of GH during childhood causing gigantism, in which height may exceed 8 ft.
Acromegaly is the overproduction of growth hormones in adulthood
Wide ranging effects include enlarged heart, bones thyroid gland, facial features, hands feet and head
An injury or tumor damages to any parts of the ADH- regulating mechanism, too little ADH may be synthesized or released, producing diabetes inspinidus
Affected individual may produce as much as much as liters of very dilute urine per day

14. Works Cited
Thompson E. Gregory, November 14, 2014, Thyroid- stimulating Hormone (TSH). Febr 20, 2016
Dutta Shuchismita, Goodsell David, April 2003, Growth Hormone. February 20,
NA, January 7, 2015, Follicle stimulating hormone. February 20, 2016
NA, January 7, 2015, Anti-diuretic hormone. February 20, 2016
Foulad, Allen. July 29, 2015, Emedicine. Medscape.com, 19 February, 2016
NA, October 22, 2014, m.newhealthguide.org, 19 February, 2016
Shier, David, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis, Hole’s essentials of Human Anatomy& Physiology, New York, McGraw-Hill, Print