1. QOD
Discuss how you would apply the scientific method to the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is dangerous.
Question:
Hypothesis: Cigarette smoking is dangerous
Experimental Plan:

2. Question of the Day
Your task is to develop a device that will measure the trustworthiness of someone’s character.
Would you be more concerned about the precision of the device or the accuracy? Why?
What types of attributes (qualities) would it measure?

3. Classification of Matter
Dr. Z

4. Matter
Matter is anything that has mass or takes up space

5. Physical States
Solid, Liquid, and Gas

7. Solid Solid matter has definite shape and volume
Solids can be two types

8. 1. Crystalline Solids
Crystalline is a type of solid that has a regular arrangement or pattern to its atoms

9. 2. Amorphous Solids
Amorphous solids have no particular arrangement of their atoms.
Examples: plastics and gels

10. Crystalline v. Amorphous

11. LIQUIDS
Liquid: Definite volume but not definite shape

12. A gas has neither definite volume nor shape
Gases
A gas has neither definite volume nor shape

13. Matching Terms Definitions 1. ____ Matter 2. ____ Solid
3. ____ Crystalline
4. ____ Liquid
5. ____ Gas
A. no definite volume or shape
B. Definite volume AND shape
C. repeating pattern of atoms
D. Definite volume but not definite shape
E. Anything that takes up space or has mass

14. Matching Terms Definitions 1. __E_ Matter 2. __B_ Solid
3. __C_ Crystalline
4. __D_ Liquid
5. __A__Gas
A. no definite volume or shape
B. Definite volume AND shape
C. repeating pattern of atoms
D. Definite volume but not definite shape
E. Anything that takes up space or has mass

15. Substances
Substance: kind of matter with definite, fixed composition.

16. Analysis
Classifying Matter

17. Matter Pure Substance Mixture elements (periodic table)
compounds (elements bonded together)
Homogeneous
Solutions
Heterogeneous
Suspensions
Colloids

18. Compound (bonded elements)
Matter
Pure Substance
Element (Per. Table)
Compound (bonded elements)
Mixture
Homogeneous
Solution
Heterogeneous
Colloid
Suspension

19. Matter
Pure Substances
Elements
Compounds

20.                                     
                                    
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Elements
Fundamental substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means to a simpler substance
Ex. Any element can be found on the periodic table.

21. Compounds
Compounds are elements that have been bonded together (by their electrons)
Examples: pure water, salt, & sugar

22. The types of mixtures can be distinguished by the number of phases
If it is not a pure substance (element or compound), then it is a mixture.
The types of mixtures can be distinguished by the number of phases

23. Phases
Phase = part of a system separated by physical boundaries from the other parts

24. How many different phases do you see?

25. Matter
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous

26. Mixtures If a substance is NOT a pure substance than it is a mixture
Mixtures can be two types
Homogeneous: one phase, uniform
Heterogeneous: two or more phases

27. Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

28. Matching Pictures 1. Terms 2. A. element B. compound3. 4.
Terms
A. element
B. compound
C. Homogeneous mixture
D. Heterogeneous mixture

29. Matching A. element B. compound C. Homogeneous mixture
D. Heterogeneous mixture

30. So…
How do you know?

33. Now begin HW Read the worksheet on Describing Matter
Answer questions on the back
Read the worksheet on Elements from Stardust

34. Elements and Names
Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that can exist
Symbols are the one or two letter abbreviations for the elements. The first letter is always capitalized and the second (if there is one) is NEVER capitalized.

35. Metals, Metalloids and Nonmetals
Metals: high luster, high melting point, good conductors of electricity, ductile (can be drawn into wire), malleable (can be smashed into thin sheets)
Nonmetals: no luster, low melting points, poor conductors, neither ductile or malleable
Metalloids: intermediate properties

36. Group Numbers

37. Formulas
Chemical Formulas show the symbols and ratios of the atoms of an element in a compound
Ex. H2O (2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen)
Ca(NO3)2
(1 calcium, 2 nitrogen and 6 oxygen)
4(NH4)2SO4
(8 N, 32 H, 4 S, and 16 O)

38. Now complete the homework
Read pp
P. 128 Q#8

39. A ratio of measurements
Density
A ratio of measurements

40. Density
Density is a ratio of the mass to volume
Density = mass (usually in g) / volume (usually in mL or cm3)
1mL = 1 cm3

41. Which would have a larger density?
Gold coin
Styrofoam peanut

42. Formula for Density D = m/v Solve for V in terms of m and D V = m/D
Solve for m in terms of v and D
m = (V) (D)

43. Example
Find the density of a substance which has a mass of 9.01 g and a volume of 5.38 mL
D = m/v
D = 9.01 g/ 5.38 mL
(round for sig figs)
1.67 g/mL

44. Example
The mass of a sample is g and a density of cm3. Find the volume.
D = m/v
V= m/d
V = 6.835g/ g/cm3
V = 0.5 (round for sig figs)
V= cm3

45. Now begin making flashcards of the 30 elements and symbols
Ex. Side 1 H
Ex. Side 2
hydrogen

46. Define these terms. Pages 120 – 128 are an excellent resource to find this information.
Alkaline earth metal
Transition metal
Halogen
Nobel gas
Metal
Nonmetal
Semiconductor
Alkaline metal

47. Diatomic Elements
Some elements always occur as diatomic molecules when they are in their elemental state (not bonded to any other element)
Ex. H by itself is H2 as is F2, N2, O2, Cl2, Br2, I2
But other elements like Na or Fe are not diatomic