1. Renaissance & Reformation
Key Information

2. Renaissance Renaissance means “rebirth”
Started in Florence, Italy. Why?
Medici Family
Ancient Rome, geography, ports designed for trade (imports/exports)
Scholasticism vs. Humanism
Religion based vs. logic/life experience
Focus on life now, not just life after death
Major changes to art, science and literature

3. Art Still religious themes in art but not main focus
3-D perspective – pg 36
Focus on human body, movement & expression
Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

4. Da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Last Supper

5. Michelangelo
Pieta
Statue of David
Sistine Chapel ceiling

7. Raphael
School of Athens

8. Scientific Revolution
Returned to ancient Greek and Roman scientific approaches
Plato, Aristotle, Socrates – focus on reason, not just religion
Scientific Method
Relied on observation and experimentation not just religious theory
Newton
Theory of gravity
Galileo
Invented telescope
Copernicus
Heliocentric theory – earth & other planets revolve around the sun

9. Literature Shakespeare – English playwright
Castiglione – “The Book of Courtier” - How to be successful guide (manners, virtues, etc.) different for men and women
Machiavelli – “The Prince” – How to be a successful ruler guide. (end justifies the means, being feared vs. loved)
THE PRINTING PRESS by Johann Gutenberg
Books were now cheaper, easier to get
More people learned to read  more knowledge (science, law, medicine, agriculture, mining)
Led to more questioning of religious doctrines/leaders

10. PROTESTant Reformation
What caused the Reformation?
Martin Luther was fed up with some Church practices
Sale of indulgences, corruption (lavish lifestyles, ceremony fees)
Posted 95 Theses on the doors of a local church
Luther summoned to “Diet of Worms” and told to recant. He refused and was excommunicated.
Protestantism
Starts after Luther’s excommunication  believed Bible is the sole source, religious leaders do not have special powers and salvation achieved through faith not money or only good deeds (remember the Crusades?)
Diet = meeting
Worms is place where meeting was held

11. Reformation
Some Kings supported the reformation because it took power away from their competition, the Church.
John Calvin
Similar ideas as Luther. Preached predestination, women’s “rights”
Henry VIII
Wanted an heir (a son), asked Pope to annul his marriage. Pope refused
Henry took over rule of the English church, back n forth over the years between him and his kids over whether England would be Protestant or Catholic.

12. Terms we forgot Peace of Augsburg
German peasants rebelled against the church and against oppression. Eventually the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V declared Princes could determine which religion would be followed in their lands. (North=P, South=Catholic)
Edict of Nantes
Granted freedom of religion and equality for Huguenots (Protestants) in France.

13. Catholic REFORMation Council of Trent (1545)
Called catholic leaders together to figure out how to maintain the church’s power and stop the spread of Protestantism.
Positions stayed the same, but forbid corruption and imposed penalties
Inquisition
Church courts using torture and executions to stop heresy
Books banned