1. The Renaissance and Reformation
CHAPTER 15
4/18/2018
CHAPTER 15
The Renaissance and Reformation
Section 1: The Italian Renaissance
Section 2: The Northern Renaissance
Section 3: The Protestant Reformation
Section 4: The Catholic Reformation
Section 5: Culture and Daily Life

2. The Italian Renaissance
CHAPTER 15
4/18/2018
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Objectives:
Identify the factors that led to the Italian Renaissance and describe the characteristics of Renaissance thought.
Explain how Renaissance writers combined classical teachings and Christian doctrine.
Describe how Renaissance art differed from art of the Middle Ages.

3. The Italian Renaissance
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
An Era of Awakening
Causes
Ideas from Roman Empire
Byzantines and Arabs had preserved Greek and Roman learning
Used wealth from trade with Asia and Africa
Renaissance=rebirth
Philosophical and artistic movement that began in Italy around 1350 and spread throughout Europe

4. The Italian Renaissance
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
An Era of Awakening
Basis was the humanities
Humanists studied grammar, rhetoric, history, and poetry
Italian humanists revived interest in Greek and Roman culture
Also studied early Christian writings
Displayed a critical approach to learning
Verified information through investigation
Emphasized education

5. Italian Renaissance Writers
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Writers
Petrarch
studied classical writers, believed it is important to lead a full and active life here on earth
Born near Florence
Considered the Father of the Renaissance

6. Italian Renaissance Writers
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Writers
Created a library to collect works of Greeks and Romans
Study of Greek and Roman writers became a Classical Education
Knowledge of Greek and Latin was the mark of an educated person.

7. Italian Renaissance Writers
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Writers
Machiavelli – lack of concern for conventional morality
Wrote The Prince
Written in 1513, published after his death
A handbook on political power
Concern was power and how to keep it
Rejected the idea that leadership should be based on Christian moral principles

8. Italian Renaissance Artists
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Artists
Realistic scenes and images instead of religious concerns
Depicted the Italian countryside
Leonardo da Vinci – The Last Supper and Mona Lisa

9. Italian Renaissance Artists
Section 1:
The Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel ceiling
Artists used perspective to make paintings more lifelike.

10. Section 1: Medieval Art #1
Define Perspective
Look at the bottom of the screen. The foot stool is supposed to look as if it is clearly in front of the chair. Is it?
Look at the people standing at the left and right. Do the feet look like one is farther behind, or do they look like they are standing on top of one another?
Does the painting look like a photo or cartoon? Why?

11. Section 1: Renaissance Art #1
The School at Athens by Raphael
Look at pedestals on the sides, the steps, and the arches at the top. Is it easy to tell what is in front and what is behind?
Does this paining look like a photo or cartoon? Why?

12. Section 1: Medieval Art #2
What kind of job do you think this man has? Why?
Look at his hands. Do the fingers look realistic? Why or why not?
Does this paining look like a photo or cartoon? Why?

13. Section 1: Medieval Art #2
Pope Julius II by Raphael
This painting has many little details. Which two were hardest to paint? Why?
Look at the face. How would you describe the mood or feelings?
Which of the last two paining is better at showing faces with real feelings?
Which of the last two paintings has brighter colors?

14. The Northern Renaissance
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Objectives:
Explain how the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe.
Describe how northern Renaissance writers differed from Italian humanists.
List the principal characteristics of northern Renaissance art.

15. The Northern Renaissance
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
The Spread of Ideas
New technology was the main reason for the rapid spread of information
Until 1440s books were copied by hand
Early printing techniques: wood block printing
Used for posters and pamphlets

16. The Northern Renaissance
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
The Spread of Ideas
Johannes Gutenberg – used movable type to print books, copies of Bible
Used metal type in combination with a wine press and sticky ink
Type slugs put into a metal frame and smeared with ink
Oldest book
The Bible (1452)

17. Northern Renaissance Writers
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Writers
Desiderius Erasmus
studied early Christian as well as classical culture
Wrote The Praise of Folly
Thomas More
Utopia
Executed by Henry VIII, became a saint

18. Northern Renaissance Writers
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Writers
William Shakespeare
transformed well-known stories into dramatic masterpieces
Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, , Hamlet
Christopher Marlowe
Wrote plays based on human actions.

19. Northern Renaissance Artists
Section 2:
The Northern Renaissance
Northern Renaissance Artists
Peter Brueghel
Painted villages and criticized brutality
Hans Holbein
Interested in the individual
Portraits
Great attention to detail, facial expressions
Realistic human figures and subject matter

20. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Objectives:
Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation.
Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new church.
Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism.
Explain the role that Calvinism played in the Reformation.

21. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
An Era of Reform
Causes
humanists urged believers who were unhappy with traditional religion to withdraw from the church and meet with like-minded people
The beginning
popes sold indulgences to raise money

22. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Luther’s protest
publicly challenged the selling of indulgences in 95 theses
Father of the Reformation
Trained as lawyer, later became a priest
Questioned abuses of the church

23. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
Luther’s protest
publicly challenged the selling of indulgences in 95 theses
Break with the church
Pope Leo X ex-communicated Luther
Diet of Worms: an attempt to reconcile
Protestantism
the princes supporting Luther protested the emperor’s treatment of him

24. The Spread of Protestantism
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
The Spread of Protestantism
The rise of sects – societies of a few people led by a preacher
The Anglican Church – Henry VIII’s desire for a divorce caused him to create the Church of England which did grant the divorce

25. The Protestant Reformation
Section 3:
The Protestant Reformation
Calvinism
Calvin’s church
The Institutes of the Christian Religion emphasized predestination, righteous living
Calvinism spreads
Huguenots in France, minorities in Poland, Hungary, Scotland, Netherlands, England, North American colonies

26. The Catholic Reformation
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
Objectives:
Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation.
Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation.

27. The Counter-Reformation
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
Counter-Reformation tactics
Church did not take Luther seriously
Inquisition to root out heretics and keep people in the Church
Index of Forbidden Books listed books about Protestant ideas

28. The Counter-Reformation
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
The Counter-Reformation
The Council of Trent
clarified doctrines and emphasized ceremonies
Soldiers of the Counter-Reformation
Jesuits founded by Ignatius de Loyola
Spread Catholic teachings
Took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience to the Pope
Taught a combination of humanism and Catholic ideas

29. Results of the Religious Upheaval
Section 4:
The Catholic Reformation
Results of the Religious Upheaval
Diversity of churches appeared
Catholics and Protestants did not tolerate each other’s views
Education grew
National governments gained more power

30. Culture and Daily Life Objectives: Section 5:
Explain why Europeans believed in superstitions.
Describe the characteristics of daily life that were typical in Europe during the Reformation.
Explain how knowledge spread to European villages.
Identify the factors that caused changes in the daily lives of Europeans.

31. Changing Times: Superstitions
Section 5:
Culture and Daily Life
Changing Times: Superstitions
The world of spirits
Believed in superstitions
believed God was a distant, unknowable force
people looked for explanations of and control over daily life
Belief in witchcraft
wise people who gave explanations were witches

32. Culture and Daily Life Daily Life Section 5: New forms of recreation
people came together to drink, sew, do simple chores, or tell stories
Violence and protest in the village
close-knit communities
quarrels were common

33. The Spread of Knowledge
Section 5:
Culture and Daily Life
The Spread of Knowledge
Books for the masses
Broadsides (single sheets filled with news)
Traveling salesmen sold books on various topics
Almanacs were popular
Religious ideas and education
printed books became available
primary schools were founded

34. Culture and Daily Life Changes in Daily Life Section 5: The economy
standard of living rose for some
Peasants became legally free
Housing – people moved from country to cities; had only necessities
Able to charge higher wages
Moved to cities and towns for a better life

35. Culture and Daily Life Changes in Daily Life Section 5: Diet
new spices from the East
Vegetables from the New World
Agriculture became more advanced in NE Europe
Decline of traditional culture
rational thinking more widespread