1. Tobacco / Nicotine

2. Introduction Smoking most avoidable cause of death
1,000 Americans die each day due to tobacco related diseases – 1 in 6 deaths smoking related
Tobacco companies spend 50 times more $$ in advertising than the government does in anti-smoking ads
Should advertising be banned?
Why do people begin smoking?

3. Pharmacology Nicotine is the addictive substance Administration
Inhalation
Sublingual
Absorption – directly into bloodstream
Affects brain & CNS
Action
Causes a release of norepinephrine – stimulant
Affects catecholamine – affects HR & BP
Nicotine at high levels act as a depressant
50% of nicotine is metabolized in 30 min.

4. Physiological Effects
Increase heart rate
Increase blood pressure
Increase breathing rate
Increase cardiac output
Increase brain activity – increase concentration, memory
Decrease appetite
Psychological effects?

5. Addiction Physical Psychological Withdrawal symptoms
Need to maintain a functional level of nicotine
Psychological
Withdrawal symptoms
Craving, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, difficulty concentrating, change in appetite
Peak at 1-2 days
Negative reinforcement

6. Adverse Effects Cardiovascular Respiratory Cancer
Most modifiable risk factor for H.D.
Due to carbon monoxide buildup
Atheroscherosis
Respiratory
Damage to cilia
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – emphysema, bronchitis
Cancer
Lung cancer
Other cancers

7. Benefits of Quitting Decrease risk of cancer Increase life expectancy
Decrease risk of stroke, chronic cough
Save $$$$
Concerns of quitting
Gain weight

8. To Quit Smoking Knowledge about health risks
Recognition that health risks are applicable
Familiar with steps to quit
Patch/gum
Support/encouragement
Learn to handle stress/urges
Decrease risk factors
Belief that benefits outweigh the pleasure
Certainty that one can start and maintain behavior required to stop

9. Smokers Rights Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) – Passive smoke
Class A carcinogen
Mainstream smoke
Sidestream smoke
S/S – stress, discomfort, cough, wheeze, allergy
Is restricting cigarettes (smoking) legal?

10. Smokeless Tobacco Chewing tobacco & snuff
1.8 million users – mostly young males, athletes
Nicotine w/o exposure to CO & tar
Same physiological effects as smoking
Time-released absorption
Other health problems
Gum disease, damage to enamel
“Leukoplakia”
Risk of oral, gum, & cheek cancers
Smokeless tobacco doesn’t injure others