1. Extinction 1 Brian O’Meara EEB464 Fall 2016
Brian O’Meara
EEB464 Fall 2016

2. Major extinctions
Background extinction
Amphibian decline
White Nose Syndrome
Metapopulations
Selectivity

3. BENTON. DIVERSIFICATION AND EXTINCTION IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE
BENTON. DIVERSIFICATION AND EXTINCTION IN THE HISTORY OF LIFE. Science (1995) vol. 268 (5207) pp

4. Barnosky et al. Assessing the causes of Late Pleistocene extinctions on the continents. Science (2004) vol. 306 (5693) pp

5. Major extinctions
Background extinction
Amphibian decline
White Nose Syndrome
Metapopulations
Selectivity

6. Shows mass extinctions but also background
Fossil range scaled to time. Faunal change appears gradual except around Ma. The positions of volcanic ash beds and isotopic ages are from (3). The carbon-13 profiles integrate all available data from the Meishan sections (8, 20, 21). Three previously proposed extinction levels are shown (indicated by A, B, and C)
Jin et al. Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China. Science (2000) vol. 289 (5478) pp

7. Extinctions happen locally
Saccheri et al. Inbreeding and extinction in a butterfly metapopulation. Nature (1998) vol. 392 (6675) pp

8. Major extinctions
Background extinction
Amphibian decline
White Nose Syndrome
Metapopulations
Selectivity

10. Lips et al Emerging infectious disease and the loss of biodiversity in a Neotropical amphibian community. PNAS 103(9_:

11. Major extinctions
Background extinction
Amphibian decline
White Nose Syndrome
Metapopulations
Selectivity

14. Major extinctions
Background extinction
Amphibian decline
White Nose Syndrome
Metapopulations
Selectivity

15. Stapp et al. Patterns of extinction in prairie dog metapopulations: plague outbreaks follow El Nino events. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2004) vol. 2 (5) pp

16. Hastings and Harrison. Metapopulation dynamics and genetics
Hastings and Harrison. Metapopulation dynamics and genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1994) vol. 25 (1) pp

17. Background extinction Amphibian decline White Nose Syndrome
Major extinctions
Background extinction
Amphibian decline
White Nose Syndrome
Metapopulations
Selectivity
Break into groups of three: what traits could lead to selection

18. McKinney. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1997) vol. 28 (1) pp

19. McKinney. Extinction vulnerability and selectivity: combining ecological and paleontological views. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics (1997) vol. 28 (1) pp

20. McKinney and Lockwood. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol Evol (1999) vol. 14 (11) pp

21. McKinney and Lockwood. Biotic homogenization: a few winners replacing many losers in the next mass extinction. Trends Ecol Evol (1999) vol. 14 (11) pp

22. Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size
Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size. Science (2008) vol. 321 (5887) pp. 399

23. Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size
Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size. Science (2008) vol. 321 (5887) pp. 399

24. Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size
Clauset and Erwin. The evolution and distribution of species body size. Science (2008) vol. 321 (5887) pp. 399

25. Why don’t things just adapt rather than go extinct?
Optimum
Actual
Why don’t things just adapt rather than go extinct?
Actual
Optimum
Bridle and Vines. Limits to evolution at range margins: when and why does adaptation fail?. Trends Ecol Evol (2007) vol. 22 (3) pp

26. Bridle and Vines. Limits to evolution at range margins: when and why does adaptation fail?. Trends Ecol Evol (2007) vol. 22 (3) pp