1. ANTI-MALARIALS
CINCHONA

2. Objectives On completion of this period you would be able to know :
The definition of Antimalarials
Monograph of Cinchona

3. Known to Unknown Do you know any thing about Malaria fever?
What type of drug is useful in it?
What was the old age remedy for Malaria?

4. Antimalarials Definition : Drugs used in Prophylaxis or treatment of
Causative organisms:
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
Plasmodium falciparum
Symptoms : Shivering, fever and profuse sweating

5. Causative Organisms
Causative organism enters into the human body through the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes
Natural drugs used in the treatment of malaria
Artimisia annua and Cinchona

6. CINCHONA Synonyms : Jesuit’s bark; Peruvian bark Botanical Source :
Dried bark of stem or of the roots of
Cinchona calisaya
Cinchona ledgeriana,
Cinchona officinalis,
Cinchona succirubra
Family : Rubiaceae
Fig.52.1 Cinchona plant

7. Cinchona Geographical source : Native of South America
Cultivated in Indonesia (Java), Zaire, India, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Bolivia, Columbia, Ecuador, Guatemala
In India in Annamallai hills and Nilgiri hills in Tamil naidu, Darjeeling of West Bengal, Karnataka, Assam and Sikkim
Fig.52.2 Cinchona plant

8. Organoleptic Characteristics / Macroscopy
Color : 1. Stem bark – Outer surface is dull brownish-grey to white. Inner surface is yellowish-brown to deep reddish-brown 2. Root bark – Deep reddish-brown color Odour : Slight and characteristic

9. Organoleptic Characteristics / Macroscopy
Shape : Quills, channeled or flat pieces Taste : Intensely bitter and somewhat astringent Size : 30 cm. Long 1.5cm to 2 cm in diameter 2 to 8 mm thick Fracture: Short

10. Cinchona Chemical Constituents :
Contains about 25 alkaloids of which 4 main alkaloids are
Quinine
Quinidine
Cinchonine
Cinchonidine

11. Cinchona Chemical tests:
Bark powder when heated in dry test tube with little glacial Acetic acid. It yields Purple vapour. If treated with dil. sulphuric acid it gives Blue fluorescence.
Drug powder + bromine water + ammonia Emerald green
Heat

12. Cinchona Uses : Antimalarial and Antipyretic
Bitter tonic and Stomachic
Cradiac depressant
Used in Rheumatism and Neuralgia
Substitutes of Cinchona:
Cuprea bark : Obtained from the stems of
Remijia pendunculata,
2. False Cuprea bark: Obtained from
Remijia purdiena

13. Summary In this class we learnt about :
Antimalarial drug Cinchona, its source, Morphology
Cinchona contains 4 important alkaloids namely Quinine, Quinidine, Cinchonine and Cinchonidine.
It is widely used as Antimalarial and antipyretic

14. Quiz Cinchona belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae
Rubiaceae
Rosaceae

15. Quiz 2. Main chemical constituents present in Cinchona Alkaloids
Tannins
Glycosides
Resins

16. Quiz 3. Cinchona used as Oxytocic Antimalarial Antihypertensive
Antiseptic

17. Frequently asked Questions
Write the uses and constituents of Cinchona
Write the monograph of Cinchona
What are Antimalarials? Give an account on Cinchona