1. Public & Private Sector Response
Presented by
Antony Chapoto, IAPRI
Presentation at 3rd Annual ReNAPRI Stakeholders Conference
Radisson Blu, Hotel
Nairobi Kenya
November 10th, 2016

2. Country Specific Responses
What was the response?
Country Specific Responses
Short and medium to long-term responses
Aimed at addressing immediate domestic pressure (price and food insecurity)
Use of trade policy to enhance access to grain (in most cases)
EL NINO EFFECTS ON GRAIN PRODUCTION

3. Propose Introduction of Export quotas
Zambia
IMPOSED TEMPORARY EXPORT BAN
– for review in September 2016.
- Export ban still in Place.
Government announced intention to buy 1 million metric tonnes (500,000 MT for SGR and 500,000 MT for price stabilization)
Bought 30% of this quantity because of increased private sector participation (payment issues)
Most maize in country with private sector (mostly Traders)
Millers pushing for government to purchase more – threat of mealie meal price increases
Disaster Management Unit on standby to distribute relief aid to affected areas.
Government floated a tender to buy grain from private sector to fill the gap in SGR
Increase the recipients of Input Subsidies
PRIVATE SECTOR and other stake holders encouraging government to OPEN BORDER!
Propose Introduction of Export quotas
Encourage large scale farmers to produce early maize (and guarantee exports)

4. Botswana H A R D I T B Y
EL NINO
Declared the whole country drought stricken following recommendations to Cabinet by the Drought Assessment Inter-Ministerial Team;
Doubled food rations for the vulnerable populations and the chronically ill,
Subsidies to farmers on livestock feed;
Payment of seasonal farming loans to farmers;
Provision of funds for emergency water supply projects
Construction and maintenance of firebreaks

5. Kenya 2015/16 not a very bad year Almost a normal season
No special response strategy required
Government gave counties resources to prepare for a bad season (roads, repair of bridges, distribution of seed etc. )
Tanzania closed its borders so limited stocks came in from there
2016/17 season will be more difficult than 2015/16 due to severe drought in Kenya and Uganda
Kenya needs grain in the coming year
Where would this come from? Uganda????
2015/16 not a very bad year

6. Malawi Declaration of National Disaster;
Distribution of relief items Cash grants;
Mobilize resources for increased public investment in irrigation development an estimated US$ 600 million
Facilitation of Maize Imports
The Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (ADMARC) was financed to purchase maize
Imposed a ban on unlicensed selling of maize
Set floor and ceiling prices for maize
First large irrigation project in Southern Africa!! – 45,000 hectares of land!
Private Sector Sub-Contracted to Produce Maize

7. Mozambique National drought disaster declared;
Urgent call for international assistance;
Seed & Livestock distribution .
Rehabilitation of irrigation systems and drilling of boreholes
Distribution of food by the National Institutes of Disaster Management
$10 million strategy to address drought and food assistance

8. South Africa Facilitated increased importation of grain
Issuance of forward contracts to international partners
Rounds of crop estimates and stock availability assessments
NOTEWORHTY PERFORMANCE!
Mobilized own stocks from global market
Less humanitarian effort required
Lobby for removal of import tariff on maize
Ensure port facilities able to absorb increased volume of imports
Provision of food stamps to poor consumers
Private Sector advice to Government

9. Imposed export ban of grains Recently lifted (September 2016)
Tanzania
Food assistance to most affected
Provided opportunities food/cash for work activities
Provision of storage bags / bins to reduce post-harvest losses
Provision of farmer inputs e.g. seed
Revive Market Intelligence Unit under SERA Project
Imposed export ban of grains Recently lifted (September 2016)

10. Uganda Maize not a staple
Open Borders (farmers in Kenya complaining about cheap maize coming from Uganda)
Projected to have Drought in 2016/17 season: KENYA???

11. Zimbabwe IMPOSED AN EXPORT BAN!
Issued permits to the private sector for grain importation;
Import requirement: approx. 1,361,452MT between February and December 2016;
Food relief distributed to needy areas;
Increased Input Subsidies under Presidential initiative Rehabilitation;
Continue to support the development of irrigation schemes;
Announced the introduction of “Command Agriculture” for 2016/17 season to produce at least a MT.
IMPOSED AN EXPORT BAN!

12. Conclusion & Recommendations
Serious efforts to encourage the development of effective early warning mechanisms
public and private sector effort required;
Enhance coordination to enhance climate resilience;
Preparedness for adverse effects will ameliorate “knee-jerk” reaction to impacts.

13. ……….Conclusion & Recommendations
Remove restrictions to trade i.e. export/import bans.
Increase collaboration on regional food security policy and supporting infrastructure.
Support smallholder farmers to enhance productivity and yields.
Actively promote large-scale maize production under irrigation
Promote agricultural diversification and diverse diet