1. Sardar Patel Institute Of Technology
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

2. FOUNDATION MADE BY Kanani Bhavesh ( ) Maheshvari Sunil ( ) Makavana Devendra Dave Mehul ( ) Mori umesh( ) Narender singh Hemendra sunil

3. TYPES OF FOUNDATION
a) Shallow Foundation System i) Spread Foundation ii) Mat / Raft Foundation b) Deep Foundation System i) Pile iii) Diaphragham wall ii) Pile walls iv) Caissons

4. SHALLOW FOUNDATION Advantages Cost (affordable)
Construction Procedure (simple)]
Material (mostly concrete)
Labour (doesn’t need expertise)

5. SPREAD FOOTING FOUNDATION
Also known as a footer or footing
It’s an enlargement at the bottom of a column/
bearing wall that spreads the applied
structural loads over a sufficiently large soil
area.
Each column & each bearing wall has its own
spread footing, so each structure may include
dozens of individual footings.

6. SPREAD FOUNDATION

7. The foundation consists of concrete slabs
located under each structural column and a
continuous slab under load-bearing walls.
For the spread foundation system the
structural load is literally spread out over a
broad area under the building
Most common type of foundation used due
to their low cost & ease of construction.
Most often used in small to medium size structure with moderate to good soil condition.

8. Spread footings may be built in different
shapes & sizes to accommodate individual
needs such as the following:
a) Square Spread Footings / Square Footings
b) Rectangular Spread Footings
c) Circular Spread Footings
d) Continuous Spread Footings
e) Combined Footings
f) Ring Spread Footings

9. a) Square Spread Footings / Pad Foundation - support a single centrally located column - use concrete mix 1:2:4 and reinforcement - the reinforcement in both axes are to resist/carry tension loads.

10. PAD FOUNDATION

11. b) Rectangular Spread Footings - Useful when obstructions prevent construction of a square footing with a sufficiently large base area and when large moment loads are present

12. c) Circular Spread Footings - are round in plan view - most frequently used as foundation for light standards, flagpoles and power transmission lines.

13. d)Continuous Spread Footings / Strip Foundation - Used to support bearing walls

14. e) Combined Footings - support more than one column - useful when columns are located too close together for each to have its own footing

15. RAFT FOUNDATION A foundation system in which essentially the
entire building is placed on a large continuous
footing.
It is a flat concrete slab, heavily reinforced
with steel, which carries the downward loads
of the individual columns or walls.
Raft foundations are used to spread the load
from a structure over a large area, normally
the entire area of the structure.

16. DEEP FOUNDATION Extend several dozen feet below the building a) Piles
b) Piers
c) Caissons
d) Compensated Foundation

17. PILES????? A slender, structural member
consisting steel or concrete or timber.
It is installed in the ground to transfer
the structural loads to soils at some
significant depth below the base of the
structure.

18. PILES

19. PILES FOUNDATION IS USED WHEN:
The soil near the surface doesn’t have
sufficient bearing capacity (weak) to support
the structural loads.
The estimated settlement of the soil exceeds
tolerable limits
Differential settlement due to soil variability
or non-uniform structural loads is excessive
Excavations to construct a shallow foundation
on a firm soil are difficult or expensive.

20. There 2 type of End Bearing Piles That is Preformed Timber Pile & In-Site-Reinforced Concrete Pile

21. Friction Pile May Be Used To Support DownWard Load

22. TYPES OF PILES
a) Concrete Piles i) Cast-In-Place Concrete Piles ii) Precast Concrete Piles iii) Drilled Shafts b) Steel Piles I) H-Piles ii) Cylindrical iii) Tapered c) Timber Piles d) Composite Piles

23. TYPES OF PILE CONSTRUCTION
Displacement Piles
- It cause the soil to be displaced radially as well as vertically as pile shaft is driven or jacked into the ground.
b) Non Displacement Piles
- It cause the soil to be removed and the resulting hole filled with concrete or a pre cast concrete pile is dropped into the hole and grouted in.

24. Displacement Pile

25. Replacement Pile / Non Displacement Pile

26. Pile Driving Rig - raise and temporarily support the pile that being driven and to support the pile hammer.

27. Pile Driving Rig

28. Pile Installation Using Drop Hammer

29. Pier

30. Pier

31. Pier

32. Pumping Water Out Of The Hole For The Excavation Of The Pier

33. Constructing The Pier Framing

34. Completed Pier Framing
Post Footing & Detail

35. Ramp Is Installed
Ramp Is Bolted

36. Floor Decking Installation
Completed Pier

37. CAISSON FOUNDATION

38. THE END