1. The Mongol Conquests Mr. Marijanovich
CHAPTER 12 Section 2
The Mongol Conquests
Mr. Marijanovich

2. Objectives
Describe the geography of the steppe and the lifestyles of the nomads.
Explain the Khans’ successes.
Summarize the extent of the Mongol empire and its divisions.

3. Setting the Stage
While the Song Dynasty prospered, the Mongols were growing in strength
Mongols
Lived in the Asian steppes
Prided themselves on
Skill on horseback
Discipline
Ruthlessness
Courage in battle

4. ASIAN STEPPE

5. Nomads of the Asian Steppe
Dry grassland
Temps range from -57 degrees –
96 degrees
Land trade route connecting the East and the West
More rain fell during the warmer months
Home of nomads who sought riches when crossing the border

6. Geography of the Steppe
Western Steppe
Runs from Central Asia to E. Europe
Home of the Hittites
Eastern Steppe
Covers present-day Mongolia
Home of the Huns, Turks, and Mongols

7. The Nomadic Way of Life Nomadic people were pastoralists-
Herded domesticated animals
Constantly on the move searching for pastures to feed the animals
Moved in patterns and revisiting same campsites
Often had to fight others who have occupied them
Clothing, housing, and food came from the animals
Traveled in clans

8. Steppe Nomads and Settled Societies
Engaged in peaceful trade
Exchanged items they
needed
Accustom to hardships
Often raided cities and
weak empires
Over generations, they became
part of the empires

9. The Rise of the Mongols Genghis Khan Unites the Mongols Temujin
Sought to unify the Mongols under his rule
Accepted the name Genghis Khan “universal ruler”
First goal was to take over China
Next, turned his sites to the Muslims to the west

10. Break!
Stand up if the answer is true, stay seated if the answer is false:
The Western Steppes runs from Central Asia to E. Europe, and the Eastern Steppe covers present-day Mongolia.
TRUE!
Genghis Khan means “universal ruler” and his first goal was to take over the Muslims.
FALSE!
Steppe nomads usually engaged in peaceful trade and would usually only raid weak empires and cities.

11. Genghis the Conqueror Genghis Khan Brilliant organizer
Groups warriors in armies of
10,000
1,000 men brigades
100-man companies
10 man squads
Most loyal men commanded
Terrified his enemies into surrender

12. The Mongol Empire Khan died in 1227 from an illness
Successor continued his work
China to Poland
Created the largest Unified Empire in history

13. Khanates Sons and grandsons continued his work
Divided their huge empire into 4 regions or khanates
Khanate of the Great Khan (Mongolia & China)
Khanate of Chagatai (Central Asia)
Ilkhanate (Persia)
Khanate of the Golden Horde (Russia)

14. The Mongols As Rulers Invaded areas never recovered
Mongols destroyed ancient irrigation and building projects
But, they rarely opposed the customs of the conquered people, sometimes they blended
Ilkanate and Khanate of the Golden Horde became Muslims
Other differences amongst the khanates caused them to split the empire.

15. The Mongol Peace Pax Mongolica (Mongol Peace)
Period of imposed stability and law across Eurasia
Guaranteed safe passing of trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries
Trade
Goods, inventions, and innovation
Very active between Europe & Asia

16. Bubonic Plague
Historians speculate that the Mongolians spread the disease throughout their empire and along the trade routes
THE END
Read “History in Depth: A Mighty Fighting Force” pg
Answer the following questions

17. A Mighty Fighting Force
What type of weapons did the Mongol cavalry warriors carry into battle?
What material did they wear that was not often pierced by arrows?
Who took care of the needs of the camp?
What is a yurt?
Why was a Mongol Army like a moving city?