1. What are the human and environmental factors affecting water scarcity?

2. Suggest what factors will influence water scarcity

3. Water scarcity sorting
Cut out the slips, read them through and check your understanding of the vocabulary used.
Categorize the slips as being environmental or human related.
Categorize the slips as being either linked to patterns or trends.
Categorize the slips as being either concerning physical water scarcity or economic water scarcity.

4. Suggest how the following factors are likely to make water scarcity more severe – in pairs, create a mind map
USE ‘WATER SCARCITY – THE ISSUE’
How could you colour code to represent different factors?
Population growth
Increasing affluence
Climate change
Pollution

5. POPULATION GROWTH POLLUTION LEISURE + TOURISM – Las Vegas SEWAGE
Human (growing demand) and Environmental (falling supply) Causes of Water Scarcity
POPULATION GROWTH
POLLUTION
DOMESTIC DEMAND + INCREASED INC0MES
LEISURE + TOURISM – Las Vegas
INDUSTRY, AGRICULTURE + ENERGY
POLITICS + MISMANAGEMENT
Take one factor – explain how this could cause water scarcity. Ext: add examples – feedback.
SEWAGE
CLIMATE CHANGE + GROUNDWATER INTRUSION

6. See-think-wonder

7. Physical Scarcity Case Study - The Aral Sea
The Aral sea is an inland lake on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The Aral Sea used to be the fourth largest inland lake in the world, with a surface area of 68,000km2. The sea is fed by two rivers, the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya. Since the 1960's the sea has been shrinking because they were diverted by USSR to irrigate the desert to increase their production of melons, rice, wheat and cotton. Rice and cotton both need extremely high amounts of water to grow. Because the irrigation canals were built quickly, it has been estimated that up to 75% was lost through evaporation or leakage. Even today, only 12% of Uzbekistan's irrigation canals are lined to stop leakage. Between 1960 and 1988 the surface of the Aral Sea shrank by nearly 60% and its volume by up to 80%. By 2007 it was only 10% of its original size and its salinity had increased to 100 /L (normal seawater is only about 35 g/L). The rapidly increasing salinity has largely killed the sea's ecosystem. Huge salt plains have appeared as more water is evaporated. The salt on the plains is often whipped up in storms, killing crops and also cooling winters and warming summers. The fishing industry has collapsed and residents health worsened due to inhalation of salt, a lack of clean water and food shortages.

9. Economic Scarcity Case Study – Coca Cola in Rajasthan, India
Coca-Cola established a bottling plant in the village of Kaladera in Rajasthan at the end of Rajasthan is well known as a desert state, and Kaladera is a small, impoverished village characterised by semi-arid conditions. Farmers rely on access to groundwater for the cultivation of their crops. but since Coca-Cola's arrival, they have been confronted with a serious decline in water levels. Locals are increasingly unable to irrigate their lands and sustain their crops, putting whole families at risk of losing their livelihoods.
Local villagers testify that Coca-Cola's arrival exacerbated an already precarious situation. Official documents from the government's water ministry show that water levels remained stable from 1995 until 2000, when the Coca-Cola plant became operational. Water levels then dropped by almost 10 metres over the following five years. Locals fear Kaladera could become a 'dark zone', the term used to describe areas that are abandoned due to depleted water resources.
However, the government data showed water table decline of 1.83 metres in Kala Dera compared with those of other villages: 2.39 m in Chomu, 2.28 m in Jaipur and 2.43 m in Tigariya. Coca- Cola claims this is the result of "water stewardship’’ by a responsible company with "expertise in water management’’.