1. Introductory Presentation Ghana Team
CLEWS Summer School Modelling Tools for Sustainable Development June 12 – 30, 2017
Introductory Presentation
Ghana Team

2. Basic Information - Ghana
Land Area – 238,539 km2
Water bodies – 3,275 km2
Coastline – 539 km
Total population – 28.3 million (2016)
Population growth rate – 2.1 %
Currency: Ghana cedis (1 USD = 4.2 Ghc)
GDP (current prices) – US$ 42,676 million (in 2016)
GDP per capita – US$ 1,507 (2016)
Natural resources: Gold, Diamond, oil

3. Sustainable Development Background
Climate
There are 5 main agro-ecological zones: These are Rain Forest, Deciduous Forest, Transitional Zone, Coastal Savanna and Northern Savanna (Guinea and Sudan Savanna).
Rainfall
Highest in South-western (2,000 mm/yr), north (950 mm/yr) and south-eastern (800 mm/yr).

4. Sustainable Development background
Topography
The topography is predominantly undulating, with slopes less than 1%. Even though the slopes are gentle, about 70% of the country is subject to moderate to severe sheet and gully erosion.
Temperature
Average maximum temperatures are highest between February to April (320 C) in the southern zone whiles that for the northern zone occurs from April to May (340C).

5. Land use
Settlements land cover class. From 1,460 sq km in 1975, urban areas expanded to 3,830 sq km in 2013 representing 161% increase over 38 years.
Agricultural land use increased from 13% of Ghana total area 1975 to 32% 2013.
Savannas experienced a large loss, from about 51 to 40 percent of the total land area from 1975 to 2013
The forest class (represented primarily by Ghana’s dense evergreen rain forest and moist deciduous forest) shows a small decline in area from about 16,400 sq km in 1975 to 12,400 sq km in 2013

6. Water Availability and use
Surface water resources
Volta system: four main rivers (Red, white, black and Oti) make up 70% of surface water resources.
South-Western system: (Bia, tano, ankobra and pra) make up 22% of surface water resources.
Coastal system: (Tordzie, Aka, Densu, Ayensu, Ochi-Nakwa and Ochi-Amissah) make up 8% of surface water resources.

7. Urban Water Production
Water Supply
Urban Water Production
Rural Water Coverage
Treated water production increased from million m3 in 2006 to million m in Coverage rate is 76% in 2015
Community water supply (% of targeted population served mainly through boreholes) increased from 52.9% to 64.5%

8. Monthly Average Wind Speed @ 60m (m/s)
Energy Resource
Solar
Wind
No.
Site Name
Location
Monthly Average Wind 60m (m/s) 1
Ekumfi Edumafa
Mfantsiman Municipality, Central Region
4.67 2
Gomoa Fete
Gomoa East District, Central Region
4.53 3
Avata
Ketu South Municipality, Volta Region
5.01 4
Sege/Ningo
Dangme West District, Greater Accra Region
5.46 5
Atiteti/Dzita
Keta Municipality, Volta Region
5.98 6
Anloga
6.01 7
Mankoadze
Winneba Municipality, Central Region
5.05 8
Denu
5.17

9. AVERAGE GENERATION (GWh/yr)
Energy Resource
RIVER BASIN
POTENTIAL (MW)
AVERAGE GENERATION (GWh/yr)
Black Volta
Koulbi 68
392
Ntereso 64
257
Lanka 95
319
Jambito 55
180
Sub-Total
282
1,148
White Volta
Pwalugu 48
184
Kulpawn 36
166
Daboya 43
194
127
544
River Oti
Juale 90
405
River Tano
Esuaso 40
129
Sedukrom 17 67
Jomoro 20 85
Tanoso 56
256
Effima 25 29
Jokuro 41
Abemia 50 99
233
706
River Pra
Awisam
Hemang
336
Abatumesu
Kojokrom 30
136
Abochire
128
Mamposo
100
S. Krobo
203
345
1,316
River Ankobra
Nsueam 33
Breman
Mehami 63
137
GRAND TOTAL
1,177
4,256

10. Energy Balance, 2016 (in ktoe)
SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Petroleum Products
Biofuels
Hydro
Solar
Electricity
Total
Indigenous Production
4,706.2
587.3 -
3,602.4
478.3
2.3
9,376.5
Imports
1,474.5
100.9
3,738.1
49.4
5,362.8
Exports
-4,357.5
-553.5
-1.9
-24.8
-4,937.7
International Marine Bunkers
-2.5
International Aviation Bunkers
-122.6
Stock Changes
-81.4
Total Energy Supply
1,741.8
688.2
3,059.5
3,600.5
24.6
9,595.2
Electricity Plants
-492.7
-517.6
-402.6
-478.3
-2.3
1,119.9
-773.5
Oil Refinery
-784.3
765.4
-18.9
Other Transformation
Own use
-3.9
Losses
-817.1
-158.7
-975.8
Final Energy Consumption
3,320.2
2,783.4
982.0
7,085.5
Residential Sector
175.7
2,440.1
503.2
3,119.0
Commerce & Services Sector
14.0
122.0
221.0
357.1
Industry
384.6
221.3
257.0
862.9
Agriculture & Fisheries Sector
103.2
0.3
103.5
Transport
2,642.3
0.5
2,642.8
Statistical Difference
464.9
170.5
160.9
796.3

11. Electricity Access REGION YEAR 2009 2011 2013 2015 2016 Ashanti 80.9
2009
2011
2013
2015
2016
Ashanti
80.9
82.0
85.1
90.5
90.6
Brong Ahafo
62.5
67.0
71.7
75.8
79.5
Central
69.6
81.0
82.7
84.3
86.9
Eastern
61.3
70.0
72.8
78.6
80.0
Greater Accra
95.8
97.0
96.4
96.6
Northern
43.5
50.0
54.5
62.7
Upper East
30.4
44.0
50.6
51.7
58.8
Upper West
32.0
40.0
66.9
71.6
Volta
58.3
65.0
67.8
79.1
82.9
Western
59.3
68.0
72.5
78.1
82.3
AVERAGE
66.7
72.0
75.6
80.5
83.2

12. Sectoral Objectives Water sector Energy sector
Achieve universal coverage for water and sanitation services by 2025.
Ensure sustainable financing for investments, operation and maintenance of water services
Ensure sustainable harnessing, utilisation and management of water resources
Energy sector
Ensure energy supply security and reliability
Competitive environment to ensure affordable energy prices
Sustainable energy consumption pattern to lower greenhouse gas emissions
Provision of reliable energy services at affordable prices to support economic growth and prosperity.

13. Modelling Tools Energy – LEAP, MAED, MESSAGE, FINPLAN Water – WEAP
Climate - LEAP