1. Elements and their Properties

2. 3 types of elements
Metals
Nonmetals
Mixed groups

3. Properties of Metal Good conductors of heat & electricity
Solid at room temperature
Exception: mercury
Luster (the ability to reflect light)
Malleable (can be hammered or rolled)
Ductile (drawn into wires)
Ionic & metallic bonding

5. Alkali Metals Group 1 Softer than most metals
Most reactive of all metals
React very rapidly with oxygen and water
One electron on outer energy level
Can be radioactive (emit particles)

6. Also very reactive, gives up its 2 electrons
Alkaline Earth metals
Group 2
Also very reactive, gives up its 2 electrons
2 electrons in outer energy level

7. More stable, often in nature as uncombined elements P. 574
Transition Elements
More stable, often in nature as uncombined elements
P. 574

8. Inner Transition Metals
Lanthanides: atomic number 58-71
Europium, Gadolinium
Actinides: , radioactive & unstable
Uranium

10. Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals are elements that usually are gases or brittle solids at room temperature
Not malleable or ductile
Not good conductors of heat
Not shiny

11. Bonding in Nonmetals
Covalent (share electrons)
Ionic (gain electrons)

12. Hydrogen Very reactive
Combines with itself and other elements very easily
Diatomic molecule: two atoms of the same element in a covalent bond

13. Halogens
Group 17
Very reactive because they just need one more electron!

14. Noble Gases Last group of the periodic table Exist by themselves
They are stable because their outermost energy level is complete

15. Metalloids
Elements that can have properties of both metals & non metals

16. The most stable number of electrons is to have a complete energy level
Ions
The most stable number of electrons is to have a complete energy level
Metals usually have 1-3 valence electrons
The metal is unstable in the state
It is going to give up the outer electrons
Now, its outermost energy level is full

17. Ions (cont) Sodium has 11 electrons and 11 protons.
The outermost energy level has 1 electron.
Sodium loses this electron.
Now, Na has 10 electrons and 11 protons
Its overall charge is +1
Na+1 or Na+
This is called an ion

18. Ions (cont)
Ion: a charged atom that has either more or fewer electrons than protons.