1. Chapter 1 Modern Chemistry
Matter and Change
Chapter 1
Modern Chemistry

2. 1.1 Chemistry is a Physical Science
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes
Natural sciences are divided into two categories
Biological Sciences
Physical Sciences
Chemistry is looking to answer the questions of how substances are composed, how they react, and why they behave the way that they do

3. Branches of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry
Study of any substance that contains the element carbon
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Inorganic Chemistry
Study of non-organic substances
Often these substances contain metallic elements
chemistry/inorganic-chemistry.html

4. Branches of Chemistry Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry
Study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
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Analytical Chemistry
Identify the components and composition of materials
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5. Branches of Chemistry Biochemistry Polymer Chemistry
Study of substances and processes occurring in living things
chemistry/biological-biochemistry.html
Polymer Chemistry
Study of large, complex molecules that are arranged in repeating patterns
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6. Branches of Chemistry Theoretical Chemistry
Use of mathematics and computers to understand principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
Typically overlaps with other branches

7. Types of Research Basic Research Applied Research
Carried out to gain knowledge
Applied Research
Carried out to solve a problem
Technological Development
Production and use of products to improve the quality of life

8. Questions and Discussion
What are some examples of basic research? Applied research? Technological development?
Which branch of chemistry are you must eager to learn about and why?
Are you interested in a career in Chemistry?

9. 1.2 Matter and It’s Properties
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Mass is the measure of the amount of matter
What are the building blocks of matter?
Atoms
Smallest unit of matter that still maintains the properties (identity) of the substance
Elements
A pure substance that is composed of the same type of atoms
Compounds
A pure substance composed of several types of atoms that are chemically bonded together
Can be broken down into simpler forms

10. Properties and changes
Types of properties
Extensive and Intensive
Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present
Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of matter
Physical Properties
Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Physical Changes
A changes that does not affect the identity of the substance (composition is unchanged)

11. Properties and changes
Changes in State
A change in the state of matter of are examples of physical change
Four states of matter
Solid has a definite shape and volume
Liquid has a definite volume but not a definite shape
Gas will take the shape and volume of its container (indefinite)
Plasma
In this state, the electrons actually separate themselves from the atom producing a high energy cation
What is the most abundant state on earth? In the universe?

12. Properties and Changes
Chemical Property
Relates to a substance’s ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Chemical change
One or more substances are converted into something new
Undergoes a chemical reactions in which the reactants become the product
Four signs that a chemical change has occurred
Release of heat or light
Change in color
Release of a gas (odor)
Formation of a solid

13. Classification of Matter
Pure Substance
Composed of only one type of substance (element or compound)
Every sample has the same properties and every sample has the same composition

14. Classification of Matter
Mixtures
Combination of two or more substances that can be separated by physical means
Two types
Heterogeneous
Sample is not uniform (ratio of the substances are not equal for each sample)
Homogeneous
Sample is uniform (ratio of the substances are equal for each sample)

15. Classification of Matter
Can the matter be separated?
Yes – Mixture
No – Pure substance
In a mixture, is the composition uniform
Yes – Homogeneous
No – Heterogeneous
In a pure substance, can it decompose by ordinary chemical means?
Yes – Compound
No - Element

16. Questions and Discussion
What two properties must matter have?
What is an example of a homogeneous mixture? Heterogeneous mixture? Element? Compound?
What tool can be used to identify elements?
What are some terms that indicate that a physical changes has occurred? A chemical change?

17. 1.3 Elements All elements are organized on the periodic table
The table is arranged in columns called groups or families
These elements all have similar properties to each other
The table is also arranged in rows called periods
The elements in a period exhibit periodic law which is a gradual change in properties as the elements move from left to right across a period

18. Types of Elements Three types of elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
These elements are mostly solid at room temperature, hard, shiny, have high melting points, high boiling point, and good conductors
Left side of the table
Nonmetals
These elements can vary in state at room temperature, soft solids, dull, low melting points, low boiling points, and poor conductors
Right side of the table
Metalloids
These elements share properties of both metals and nonmetals
Known as semiconductors

19. Special Groups Group 1: Alkali Metals Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 17: Halogens
Group 18: Noble Gases