1. Weather/Climate
Mrs. Gibson

2. Weather: day to day atmospheric conditions/events
Climate: the average conditions year after year
Ex: What is the weather in Texarkana?
What is the climate in Florida?

3. The main source driving all weather and climate is the……
SUN!!!!

4. Convection Convection: Rising and circulating air
Main purpose is to keep hot air moving so it doesn’t get too hot on the surface of the Earth
If there was no convection, the average temp on Earth would be 125 degrees.
Leave space for drawing

5. Humidity Humidity: how much water vapor is in the air
Ex: 100% means it is very humid
20% means it is pretty dry

6. Air Pressure Air Pressure: amount of force pressing down on an area
High Pressure: So much pressure is pushing down on the Earth, it pushes all the clouds away. CLEAR, SUNNY SKIES. Symbol “H”
Low Pressure: Not much pressure which allows clouds to form. CLOUDY, RAINY, STORMY. Symbol “L”

7. Fronts
Fronts: Are the boundaries between 2 air masses with different temperatures and pressures
Cold Front: cold air moving towards warm air. Rain and thunderstorms (Low Pressure)
Warm Front: warm air moving towards cold air. Warm air, creates clear skies eventually
Stationary Front: Not moving; clouds and long periods of precipitation (rain, snow)

8. Atmosphere Drawing

9. Jet Stream
Jet Stream: Air “River” that forms between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
Flows from west to east in the northern hemisphere
Result of certain weather differences (Like warm air and cold air meeting)

10. Air Masses 4 types: Continental: Over continents/land
Maritime: Over water
Tropical: Warm
Polar: Cold

11. Winds Winds remove excess heat from Earth
Move from High Pressure to Low Pressure
Coriolis Effect: Winds cannot flow in a straight line because the Earth is rounded and rotating……air currents always curved.
Northern Hemisphere: Air flows RIGHT
Southern Hemisphere: Air flows LEFT

12. Prevailing Winds Diagram

13. Gyre Swirling vortex in the ocean 5 Gyres in the world
Caused by Coriolis Effect

14. Ocean Currents Control the Earth’s climates.
Oceans absorb heat and carry it to different parts of the Earth
Example: Gulf Stream starts in the Gulf of Mexico and ends up near Enlgand. Keeps water temps from being too cold in British Isles.

15. Surface Currents
Ocean currents that are near the surface of the ocean and are driven by wind.
Continental Deflection: Currents hit the continents and bounce off in the opposite direction.

16. Deep Ocean Currents
Colder, more salty, and more dense than surface water.
Makes a continuous circle in the Earth’s oceans….warming near the equator and cooling off near the poles

17. Weather Instruments Thermometer: Temperature (Draw)
Barometer: Air Pressure (Draw)
Psychrometer: Humidity (Draw)
Anemometer: Wind Speed (Draw)