1. Slavery in Old and New Worlds

2. Presentations

3. Eyewitness Accounts
Olaudah Equiano

4. Born in Nigeria
Kidnapped at 11
Brought to Virginia
Bought by naval captain
Schooled in Great Britain
Sold to Caribbean traders
Purchased his freedom

5. Eyewitness Accounts
Olaudah Equiano

6. Slavery prior to 1600s was not racially based -
Slavery and Racism

7. Did racism bring about slavery – or the other way around?

8. Ancient World – China, Egypt, Greece, Rome – relates to war

9. Medieval World – Vikings, Mongols– relates to raiding

10. Medieval World –Islamic Empires –relates to religion and sex

11. Slavery brought to Europe
Islamic Spain – AD
Slavery brought to Europe

12. Slavery brought to Europe
Islamic Spain – AD
Slavery brought to Europe

13. Early Concepts of Race in Eurasia
Division between Islam and Christians
Becomes racial in conflict over Spain – Black Moors vs. White Spaniards
Race = Religion = Ability to Enslave

14. Slavery brought to Europe
Christian Spain –1492 AD
Slavery brought to Europe

15. Demand for Slaves Slavery is brought to New World Crops &mining
require labor
Native American
Plagues
Demand for Slaves

17. Slavery is brought to New World Spanish slavery Religion Economics
Race
Sex
Conquistadors often single men, or at least without their wives, rarely brought families
Results in numerous “mixed race” couples and children
Results in a complicated racial hierarchy that could be somewhat flexible

18. Slavery is brought to New World
Conquistadors &the “browning” of Spain and New World
Conquistadors often single men, or at least without their wives, rarely brought families
Results in numerous “mixed race” couples and children
Results in a complicated racial hierarchy that could be somewhat flexible

19. Slavery prior to 1600s was not racially based -
Racial Blurring

25. 1600s Numerous mixed ancestry
Slavery becomes a serious ethical issue in Spain
Declines in use – instead cheap labor utilized

26. Enter England 1534 – England splits from Catholic church
No longer under rule of Pope – including decree giving the New World to Spain

27. Enter England
England had very few slaves – but was a major player in their trade
Slaves seen as Property – not People

28. England
Spain

29. English Colonialism Economics and Demography
Early towns run and financed by businesses – not government
Whole families moved to New World – especially in North America
Economics and Demography

30. English Colonialism Tobacco and Cotton plantations
Originally used Irish servants and convicts
Uprisings and rebellions
Early towns run and financed by businesses – not government
Whole families moved to New World – especially in North America

31. English Colonialism Direct importation of Africans
Strict racial divisions
Early towns run and financed by businesses – not government
Whole families moved to New World – especially in North America

32. English Colonialism Continued “whiteness” of English No moral dilemma
Slavery forms backbone of economy
Early towns run and financed by businesses – not government
Whole families moved to New World – especially in North America

33. English Colonialism Racism deployed to control working poor
Racism used to justify treatment of Africans
Early towns run and financed by businesses – not government
Whole families moved to New World – especially in North America

34. Spain England Slaves as People Slaves as Property Intermarriage
Never big in trade
Laws decreed by King and Pope
Slaving declines in importance
Slaves as Property
Segregation
Primary trader
Laws decreed by companies
Slaving always remains important

35. England
Spain

36. Spain
England
England begins to dominate in the Americas, partially because of their continued use of slavery while Spain loses influence

37. Long-term Effects of Slavery
Impact on Africa
Impact on Europe
Impact on Americas

38. Long-term Effects of Slavery
Nzinga Mbemba Letter

39. Trans-Atlantic Trade

40. Trans-Saharan Trade

41. Indian Sea Trade

42. Red Sea Trade

43. Total Population Loss = 20 million

44. Long-term Effects of Slavery
Africa
Population Loss
Ethnic Divisions
Raiding – Weapons – Slaving Spiral
Political Instability
Youth over Wisdom, Warlords over Politicians
Destruction of Legal System

45. Long-term Effects of Slavery
Results in an Africa plagued by violence, instability, ethnic divisions, and poverty

46. Raw Materials

47. Europe Long-term Effects of Slavery
Increased raw materials = increased number of skilled workers &industrialization of production
Explosion in wealth and middle class
Growth in large-scale international trade

48. Long-term Effects of Slavery
Results in an Europe filled with skilled workers, increased wealth, and demand for industrialization

49. People and Labor

50. New Ethnicities (Spain)
Long-term Effects of Slavery
Americas
Repopulation
Economic Base
New Ethnicities (Spain)
Deep Racism (England)

51. Long-term Effects of Slavery
Results in an America filled with ethnic diversity, cash crops based on free labor, and new conceptions of race

52. The end of slavery Sublimus Dei – 1537 (recinded 1538) Spain – 1542
Providence Plantation (Rhode Island) – 1652
Portugal – 1761
Northeast US –