1. Stem-changing verbs
Shoe (boot) verbs

2. Some verbs in Spanish have an irregular stem
Some verbs in Spanish have an irregular stem. In these verbs, the final vowel of the stem changes from u-ue, e-ie, o-ue, and e-i in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. These verbs are sometimes called boot verbs or shoe verbs. You should learn which verbs are stem-changing verbs.

3. Jugar – to play Stem-changing verbs Jugar To play (a sport) Jugamos
Jugáis
Juego
Juegas
Juega
Juegan

4. Pensar – to think, to plan
Stem changing e→ie
Pensar – to think, to plan
Pensamos
Pensáis
Pienso
Piensas
Piensa
Piensan

5. Poder – to be able, can Stem changing o → ue Poder – to be able, can
Podemos
Podéis
Puedo
Puedes
Puede
Pueden

6. Pedir – to ask for, to order
Stem changing e→i
Pedir – to ask for, to order
Pedimos
Pedís
Pido
Pides
Pide
Piden

7. Stem-changing e-ie verbs
Cerrar – to close
Empezar - to begin
Entender – to understand
Merendar – to have a snack
Perder – to lose
Preferir – to prefer
Querer – to want

8. Stem-changing o-ue verbs
Almorzar – to eat lunch
Contar – to count, to (re)tell
Costar – to cost
Devolver – to return (an item)
Dormir – to sleep
Encontrar – to find, to meet
Llover – to rain
Mover – to move
Poder – to be able, can
Recordar – to remember
Volver – to return, to come back

9. Stem-changing e-i verbs
Pedir – to ask for, to order
Servir – to serve
Repetir – to repeat
Seguir – to continue, to follow