1. Age of Discovery
How did explorers and conquistadors impact the age of discovery and expansion?

2. Reasons for Exploration
Marco Polo: fascinated by Marco Polo’s account of his travels to the court of Kublai Khan and the exotic East

3. Reasons for Exploration
Ottoman Empire: made traveling to the East by land difficult in the fourteenth-century. Europeans wanted a route by sea

4. Reasons for Exploration
God: the desire to spread the Catholic faith to native peoples
Gold: the desire for wealth was a large part of European expansion. Merchants, adventurers, and government officials hoped to find precious metals in, and expand trade with the East, especially trade in spices
Glory: Adventure comprised another motive for European expansion

5. Reasons for Exploration
European Monarchs: had expanded their power and resources to a point of being able to support ambitious expansion by the fifteenth century
Technology: reached a level of technology that made a series of regular, long voyages possible

6. Compass
helped to figure out which direction sailors were traveling North, South, East, or West
also how many degrees they were sailing

7. Maps The Gridded Map measured longitude and latitude helped sailors:
measure the distance between one place and another
find routes to places they traveled to or wanted to discover

8. Sextant measure the angle of an astral body from the horizon
allowed navigators to solve half the problem of fixing a position at sea
could determine vessel's latitude

9. Astrolabe an angle-measuring tool measure a star(sun)
had more accuracy on dry land than on the boat

10. Sailing
Caravel:
a boat with a rounded bottom with room for lots of cargo that would be useful for carrying goods for trade
favored for its speed and maneuverability

11. Sailing Lateen Sail: a triangular shaped sail
much better than a square sail
lighter in the air
easier for sailors to steer
for coastal sailing

12. Zheng He Sailed from China around 1405-1433
Led 7 voyages that went to Southeast Asia and eastern Africa
After the 7th voyage China withdrew and went into isolation

13. Zheng He

14. Prince Henry the Navigator
Brother to the King of Portugal
Set up a school for navigation at Cape St. Vincent in 1418
Hired experts to teach regardless of their faith or nationality
Spent 40 years studying and teaching cartography, ship building, instrument use, and geography

15. Bartholomew Dias Sailed from Portugal around 1487
First to sail around the Cape of Good hope, Africa

16. Christopher Columbus Sailed from Spain around 1492-1502
Discovered the “New” World
Landed in Caribbean Islands and South America

17. Christopher Columbus

18. Vasco da Gama Sailed from Portugal around 1497-1498
First European to reach India by sea

20. John Cabot Sailed from England around 1497-1498
Looked for waterways to Pacific along the North American coast

21. Amerigo Vespucci Sailed from Spain around 1499
Scouted the coast of North and South America
America is named after this explorer

22. Vasco Nunez de Balboa Sailed from Spain around 1513
Found the Pacific Ocean by crossing Panama in Central America

23. Juan Ponce de Leon Sailed from Spain around 1513
Searched for “Fountain of Youth”
based in St. Augustine, Florida

24. Hernando Cortez Sailed from Spain around 1519-1521
Defeated the Aztecs in Mexico they thought he was a god

25. Ferdinand Magellan Sailed from Spain around 1519-1522
Led first exploration that sailed around the world
His crew made it even though Magellan died during the trip

27. Francisco Pizarro Sailed from Spain around 1531
Conquered Incas in Peru

28. Jacques Cartier Sailed from France around 1534-1536
Explored St. Lawrence seaway looking for a waterway to the Pacific

29. Hernando de Soto Sailed from Spain around 1539-1542
Searched for gold from the Carolinas to Oklahoma

30. Sir Francis Drake Sailed from England around 1579-1580
Stole treasure from Spanish ships
Also sailed around the world

31. Sir Walter Raleigh Sailed from England around 1587
sponsored first English settlement in Roanoke

32. Samuel de Champlain Sailed from France around 1604-1606
Established fur trade settlements in Canada
A map maker and sailor

34. James Cook Sailed from England around 1769 & 1770
Claimed New Zealand and parts of Australia for England

36. Summarizer
Think-Pair-Share: Describe the impact of the European explorers with the world.