1. Age of Exploration

2. Europeans wanted to explore for:
Glory God Gold

3. Glory
Exploration led to fame for the explorers and their sponsor country
Demand for new land and glory led to competition between countries

4. God
European Christians wanted to stop the spread of Islam and convert non-Christians to their faith
Europeans were encouraged to spread Christianity or bring missionaries who would focus on it

5. Gold
$$$ Money $$$
The Crusades and Renaissance stimulated European desires for exotic Asian luxury goods

6. The Problem:
Trade was controlled predominantly by the Ottoman Empire (Muslim Turks/Arabs) and the Italians because of their great location on the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia
This caused goods
to be very expensive

7. Spain: Plan to sail west across Atlantic ocean
The solution: Europeans search for direct trade routes to the East
Spain: Plan to sail west across Atlantic ocean
Portugal: Plan to sail around Africa to India

8. New Technology in Navigation
Astrolabe used stars to show direction
Magnetic compass made sailing more accurate

9. New Technology in Navigation (cont’d)
Cartographers made maps more accurately and used longitude & latitude

10. Caravels had triangular lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind
The caravel was a strong ship that could travel in the open seas & in shallow water
A moveable rudder made the caravel more maneuverable
Cannons & rifles gave ships protection

11. http://www. nationalgeographic
How long would it take?

12. How long would it take?
2+ months
1 week
8 hours

13. Conquest of Latin America

14. The Europeans had fewer people, but were successful at conquest because of:
Guns (and better technology in general)

15. Germs (diseases like smallpox, measles, influenza)

16. Steel (strong swords and armor)

17. Horses (helps in battle and with travel)

18. Examples of success: Aztecs: conquered by Cortes
Incas: conquered by Pizzaro
Conquistadors:
Spanish conquerors

19. Note: This is additional information that is not on your note sheet
Legend of Quetzalcoatl (pale skinned bearded God who promised to return from the East to the Aztecs)

20. Note: This is additional information that is not on your note sheet
Montezuma: Aztec Emperor who thought Cortez was Quetzalcoatl and paid him tribute.
Note: This is additional information that is not on your note sheet

21. Effects:
95% natives died (mostly from disease but also from war and mistreatment)

22. Spain establishes colonies, and becomes wealthy and powerful

23. Note: This is additional information that is not on your note sheet
The land is split into two provinces:
New Spain (Mexico)
Peru
Note: This is additional information that is not on your note sheet

24. What can you infer the “Columbian Exchange” is?

25. Columbian Exchange
Exchange of plants, animals, technology, and disease between Europe and the Americas

26. Effect Cultural Diffusion!!! Many migrate to the Americas
European, Native & African cultures all become part of Latin America
Cultural Diffusion!!!

28. Mercantilism: The policy of establishing colonies to gain wealth through trade
Colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
Mercantilism produced a “favorable” balance of trade

30. Cotton, Timber, Gold, Fur, Sugar, etc.
Raw Materials
Colony
(New Spain)
Mother Country
(Spain)
Cotton, Timber, Gold, Fur, Sugar, etc.
Manufactured Goods
Clothes, Furniture, etc.

32. Life in Latin America
A Viceroy, or official that ruled the colony in place of the King, ruled harshly over the new territories
The main product produced and sold in Latin America was sugar cane

33. Encomienda system: Spanish settlers are given land and natives
The Spanish are supposed to take care of the natives and Christianize them
In reality, the natives are treated like slaves

34. Social Hierarchy in Latin America
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos/Mulattoes
Africans/Natives

35. As a result of the encomienda system, many natives died of disease or mistreatment which led to a labor shortage

36. European Solution:
Import new slaves from Africa

37. Atlantic Slave Trade (aka: The Middle Passage)
Sugar plantations and tobacco farms required a large supply of workers to make them profitable
Most of the Native Americans that were used for labor had died (from brutal mistreatment or disease)
The Europeans looked to Africa for a new source of labor
Benefits: Africans had already been exposed to European diseases, had experience in farming and had little knowledge of the new land

38. The Middle Passage
The Atlantic Slave Trade was also know as the Middle Passage because it was the “middle leg” of the triangle trade

39. Effects of the Slave Trade on Africa
Encouraged wars and tension between neighboring peoples
Economic life suffered
The strong, healthy men and women were taken first which made it harder to plant and harvest for the community
Cultural diffusion: the ideas, beliefs and customs of the African peoples spread to other regions of the world.

40. In the 1500’s slaves are needed to replace the Natives in America who have died or ran away

41. Atlantic Slave Trade Phase 1 1500-1750
Slave raiding (2-3 Africans capture another 3-5 Africans and sell them to the Middle East and Asia)

42. Phase 2
Whole tribes are given guns and money to capture other tribes to be shipped to the Americas

43. Negative effects Whole tribes and their cultures are lost
The strong were captured first—Society suffers
Horrific mistreatment and brutal deaths of slaves

44. Agenda: DO NOT WEAR A SKIRT OR DRESS TOMORROW!!!
Please take out your vocabulary so that I may check it
Fill in your BINGO board with the vocab words (MIX THEM UP!!!)
BINGO!
Note:
Test Corrections are due TOMORROW
I will grade your essays this weekend
DO NOT WEAR A SKIRT OR DRESS TOMORROW!!!

45. Destinations of Slaves Brought to the Americas
Europe/
Atlantic
islands
Other
North America
Spanish America
Brazil
Caribbean

46. Volume
Year

47. Top Ten Reasons Slaves Died on the Middle Passage

48. 1. Length of the Trip

49. 2. Waiting on the Ships

50. 3. Traveling to and waiting in the African Forts

52. 4. Rebellions

53. 5. Suicide 6. Murder

54. 7. Disease
Dysentery is a disease where your colon becomes inflamed and it causes one to have bloody diarrhea.

55. 8. Trauma

56. 9. Packing

58. 10. Escape