1. Students will define the vocabulary associated with Chapter 4.2
World History
Tuesday, October 8, 2013

2. Define: Pages 112-117 Hoplites Tyrant Democracy Oligarchy Ephors
Bell Ringer
Define: Pages
Hoplites
Tyrant
Democracy
Oligarchy
Ephors

3. Hoplites
Heavily armed infantry soldiers, or foot soldiers in which the Greek military system was based on.

4. Tyrant
Rulers who seized power by force from the aristocrats.

5. Democracy Government by the people or rule of the many.
A form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally

6. Oligarchy Government by the few.
A form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people.

7. Ephors
A group of five men that were elected each year responsible for the education of youth and the conduct of all citizens.

8. The Greek City States
 By 750 B.C. the city-state or what the Greeks called a POLIS became the central focus of Greek life. We get our word POLITICS from this word.
The polis served as a place where people from the city as well as the surrounding countryside could meet for POLITICAL , SOCIAL, and RELIGIOUS activities.

9. Organization of the State
       The main gathering place in the polis was usually a hill with a fortified area at the top called an ACROPOLIS.
      Acropolis: Served as a place of refuge during an attack and sometimes came to be a religious center on which temples and public buildings were built.
-         Below the acropolis was an AGORA.
Place where people could ASSEMBLE and served as a market.
-         Varied in size from a few square miles to a few HUNDRED square miles.
-         Also varied in POPULATION; Athens had more than 300,000 by 5th century B.C.

10. Community of the City State
The polis above all was a place where people shared a common IDENTITY and common goals.
-         The community consisted of:
o       Citizens with political rights ( ADULT MALES)
o       Citizens with no political rights ( WOMEN and CHILDREN)
Noncitizens ( LABORERS, slaves, and resident aliens )
-         Aristotle argued that a citizen did not belong to himself or herself but to the STATE.

11. -         By 700 B.C. the city-states had developed a military system based on HOPLITES.
o       Hoplites: heavily armed infantry soldiers that carried a round shield, a short sword, and a thrusting spear about 9 feet long.
-         Went into battle as a unit, marching shoulder to shoulder in a rectangular formation known as a PHALANX
This wall of shields protected the hoplites during battle.

12. Sparta Joined military at age 30 Oligarchy led by 2 kings
Needed more land
Conquered Laconians and Messenians
Made them helots (slaves)
Military discipline by Spartans
Joined military at age 30
Oligarchy led by 2 kings
ART OF WAR was the main focus

13. Athens Oligarchy led by aristocrats Full power given to Solon
Freed slaves
Cancelled debt
Could not avoid Tyranny
Peisistratus took over
Aided trade
Gave aristocrats land to peasants
His son was overthrown
Cleisthenes then took over creating Athenian Democracy

14. Directions
Complete the reading strategy worksheet identifying the disadvantages and advantages of the three types of governments used in Ancient Greece.