1. Polis- City States Chp 5 Sec 2

2. Warm Up What are some geographical characteristics of Greece?
Did Greece have a lot of success in agriculture? Why or why not?
How did they travel and why?
How can you compare Greece to Egypt?

3. City States
During the Dorian period, Greek civilization experienced decline.
However, two things changed life in Greece.
The Dorians and Mycenaeans alike began to identify less with the culture of their ancestors and more with the local area where they lived.
The method of governing areas had changed from tribal to more formal governments – The city State

4. Rule and Order in Greek City States
By 750, the city-state/ polis was the fundamental political unit in ancient Greece.
Polis – a tiny city and its surrounding countryside (included villages).
Fewer than 10,000 residents.
Agora – marketplace
Acropolis – fortified hilltop.

5. Types of Governement Greek Political Structures
City-states had many different forms of government.
monarchy – A single ruler, king.
Aristocracy – a government ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families
Oligarchy – government ruled by a few powerful people.

6. TYRANTS Tyrants Seize Power Rulers vs. the common people
Tyrants – rulers who appealed to the common people for support.
Provide jobs and housing for their supporters.

7. Athens Building a democracy
The idea of representative government began to take root in some city-states.
Athenian reformers moved toward democracy – rule by the people.
Building a democracy
The first step towards democracy took place when Draco took power.
Developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich and poor, were equal under the law.
Dealt harshly to criminals
Death was the punishment for almost any crime

8. Athens Solon stated that no citizen should own another citizen.
Outlawed debt slavery.
Organized all Athenian citizens into four social classes according to wealth
Only those in the top three could hold political office.
Cleisthenes
Introduced further reforms
Broke up the power of the nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they lived rather than on their wealth.
Allowed common citizens to submit laws.
Only free adult male property owners were citizens.

9. Education Athenian Education
Only the sons of wealthy familes received formal education.
Athenian girls did not attend school
Educated by their mothers.

10. SPARTA Nearly cut off from the rest of Greece by the Gulf of Corinth.
Built a military state instead of a democracy.
Sparta Dominates Messenians
Sparta conquered the neighboring region of Messenia and took their land.
Messenians became helots – peasants forced to stay on the land they worked
Each year, the Spartans demanded half of the helots crops.
Messenians revolved
Sparta was outnumbered and just barely put it down.

11. Spartan Daily Life
Sparta had the most powerful army in Greece.
 Spartan people paid a high price for their military supremacy
• All forms of individual expression were discouraged.
Spartans did not value the arts, literature, or other artistic and intellectual pursuits.
 Spartans valued duty,
strength, and discipline.

12. Men Men were expected to serve in the army until the age of 60.
Daily life centered on military training.
Boys left home when they were 7 and moved into army barracks.
Stayed until they reached 30

13. Spartan Women Spartan girls ran, wrestled, and played sports.
SPARTA ABOVE ALL
“Come back with your shield or on it.”
Spartan women had considerable freedom.
This was a surprise to other city states because their women were expected to remain out of sight and quietly raise children.