1. Observing & Classifying Matter
Observations: First step in the scientific method
Classify by pure substance vs. mixture
Classify by chemical or physical properties & changes

2. Resources

4. Defining Matter Matter What it is: What it is not: Examples:
How to measure:

5. Matter – Classifying by Properties and Measurement
I. Matter (“Stuff of the Universe”)
Definition of Matter:
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
a. Mass - measured in __________
b. Space (volume): measured in _____ or _____
2. Law of Conservation of Matter:

6. Matter - Not Matter – Not Sure
Sort the following words into 3 categories:
Peanut butter Yourself Cotton fabric Plastic food wrap
Time Carbon dioxide
Light Water
Air Energy
Motion Fish
An idea Garbage

7. What makes up matter?
Make a list of different objects that you see in the class room
What are they made of?
Classify each material as:
Simple
Complex (made of many materials)
How could we determine what each material is?

8. Why do we observing & classifying in chemistry?
Scientists start with observations of properties.
5 senses
Measurements
How a material reacts with another
Classify the substances
Is this similar or different from another material?
Can we use classification to predict uses or how it will act?
Based on observations, propose a hypothesis to explain their observations

9. II. Properties and Changes in Matter
A. Physical Properties
A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.
This means:
Determined by:
a. ___________ _________
b. _____________ using lab equipment.

10. Aluminum Foil List 10 observations Demonstrate 5 changes - Verbs
Descriptive words (Adjectives)
Demonstrate 5 changes
- Verbs
Were these qualitative? Or quantitative observations?
Quality (characteristic) or quantity

11. Aluminum foil
Physical properties
Physical changes

12. Physical Properties: We look for these words to describe
Physical Changes
Appearance
Touch/ Feel
Smell/Taste
Size
States of Matter

14. E. Chemical Properties and Change
1. The ability of a substance to undergo changes that transforms it into different substance
This means: It will have a new ______________ __________________.
When it changes, it will undergo a _______________ _________________.

15. We look for these Indicators of chemical change:1. 2. 3. 4.

16. Chemical Change - Reactions
Page 1
Sodium reacts with water
Nitric Acid reacts with copper
Your Observations:
What indicates that a chemical reaction is taking place?

17. We look for these words to describe chemical change:
Note: When a substance has a chemical change, it will also change
_____________ _____________

18. Why do scientists classify?

19. Classifying Matter into Major Categories
Pure Substances
Mixtures
Pure Substance is matter for which a chemical symbol or formula can be written.
Mixtures of matter are not chemically bonded and can be in any proportion.
Classify these examples matter
Sodium Water Soil Coffee
Oxygen Soup Salt Water Iron
Ice Cream Nitrogen Eggs Blood
Table Salt Milk Cola Air

22. Pure substances = Compounds : Ionic compounds
metal bonded to non-metal
Covalent compounds (molecules)
non-metal bonded to non-metal
Represented by formulas or names

23. Compounds: formula & name practice
Type of compound
Name
NCl₃
Li₂O
AlBr₃
MgS

25. Mixtures Heterogeneous: can see the parts Homogeneous: looks uniform
Substances are mixed together but they do not react to form new substances .
No chemical reaction
Can be separated physically– such as filtering, dismantling, etc.
They can be mixed in different proportions
Heterogeneous: can see the parts
Homogeneous: looks uniform
Also called solutions
(dissolve solute into the solvent)
Can easily be mistaken to be a compound

26. Matter
Pure Substance
element
Example
compound
Mixtures
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous

27. Defining Matter Matter What it is: What it is not: Examples:
How to measure: