1. Participatory Decentralised Planning
Annual Planning & Review Meeting 5 April, 2017

2. Learning Objectives What is decentralised planning?
What are the steps in decentralised planning vis- à-vis tools?
What are the issues, challenges and non- negotiable process of decentralised planning?

3. Concept of Decentralised Planning

4. Definition
Active participation of all members of a community in a development plan
Process through which stakeholders influence and share control over
Priority setting,
Policy making,
Resource allocations, and
Access to public good and services
People are involved in economic, social, cultural and political process that influence their lives (UNDP)

5. History
Preamble of the Constitution of India talks about participation “We the people……….”
Article 40 of the Constitution – Village Panchayats as units of self-government
One of the major thrust of the first Five Year Plan was on ‘Public opinion and public cooperation as principal force and sanction behind planning’

6. Planning in India Led by Planning Commission (till 2014) Plan Duration
1st Five Year Plan
1951 – 1956
7th Five Year Plan
1985 – 1990
2nd Five Year Plan
1956 – 1961
Annual Plan
1990 – 1992
3rd Five Year Plan
1961 – 1966
8th Five Year Plan
1992 – 1997
Annual Plan (Plan Holiday)
1966 – 1969
9th Five Year Plan
1997 – 2002
4th Five Year Plan
1969 – 1974
10th Five Year Plan
2002 – 2007
5th Five Year Plan
1974 – 1979
11th Five Year Plan
2007 – 2012
Rolling Plan
1978 – 1980
12th Five Year Plan
2012 – 2017
6th Five Year Plan
1980 – 1985
What Next
?????

7. Top – Down Approach of Planning
Planning Commission of India (Chaired by PM, supported by VC and members)
State Planning Board/ Commission (Chaired by CM, supported by VC and members)
District (More focus of Rural Development) (Chaired by DC supported by line department)

8. 73rd and 74th CAAs
Constitutional framework for democratic local self-governance (Panchayati Raj Institutions/ Urban Local Bodies) after 1993
Institutions of Local Self Governance are responsible for Developing Plan for Local Development and ensuring Economic Development with Social Justice
29 Subjects for PRIs and 18 Subjects for ULBs

9. Structure of Local Governments
73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 (Part IX – Article 243 A to O) – 3 tier Panchayati Raj Institutions for rural areas
Zila Panchayat (District)
Intermediary Panchayat (Block/ Mandal/ Talluk)
Gram Panchayat (Village/ Cluster of Villages)
74th CAA of 1992 (Part IXA – Article 243 P to 243 ZG) – 3 types of ULBs
Municipal Corporations
Municipal Councils
Nagar Panchayats

10. Constitutional Framework for Decentralised Planning
Article 243 G (PRIs)
State shall endow the Panchayats (necessary powers and authority) so that they can function as institutions of self-government
Make Provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, with respect to—
(a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;
(b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule

11. Constitutional Framework for Decentralised Planning
Article 243 W (ULBs)
State shall endow the Panchayats (necessary powers and authority) so that they can function as institutions of self-government
Make Provisions for the devolution of powers and responsibilities upon Panchayats at the appropriate level, with respect to—
(i) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice;
(ii) the performance of functions and the implementation of schemes as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Twelfth Schedule;

12. Eleventh Schedule 1. Agriculture, including agricultural extension.
2. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation.
3. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development.
4. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry.
5. Fisheries.
6. Social forestry and farm forestry.
7. Minor forest produce.
8. Small scale industries, including food processing industries.
9. Khadi, village and cottage industries.
10. Rural housing.
11. Drinking water

13. Eleventh Schedule 12. Fuel and fodder.
13. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication.
14. Rural electrification, including distribution of electricity.
15. Non-conventional energy sources.
16. Poverty alleviation programme.
17. Education, including primary and secondary schools.
18. Technical training and vocational education.
19. Adult and non-formal education.
20. Libraries.
21. Cultural activities.

14. Eleventh Schedule 22. Markets and fairs.
23. Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centres and dispensaries.
24. Family welfare.
25. Women and child development.
26. Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded.
27. Welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes.
28. Public distribution system.
29. Maintenance of community assets.

15. Twelfth Schedule 1. Urban planning including town planning.
2. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings.
3. Planning for economic and social development.
4. Roads and bridges.
5. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes.
6. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management.
7. Fire services.
8. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects.
9. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded.
10. Slum improvement and upgradation.

16. Twelfth Schedule 11. Urban poverty alleviation.
12. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds.
13. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects.
14. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds; and electric crematoriums.
15. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals.
16. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths.
17. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences.
18. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.

17. District Planning Committee
Article 243 ZD
The one and only Constitutional Body that can prepare plan for Local Development
There are two distinct roles for the DPCs
The District Planning Committee has to
Consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the municipalities in the district
prepare a draft development plan for the District

18. Key Aspects of Decentralised Planning
Participation
Transparency
Effectiveness/ Impact
Accountability

19. GROUP WORK
Group 1 & 2 (Microplanning in Panchayat) - You are advised to facilitate the participatory health planning in Lakhanpur gram panchayat. What are the key steps and tool/ methods you will use to do that?
Group 3 & 4 (Microplanning in Municipality)- You are advised to facilitate solid waste management planning for a ward. What are the key steps and tool/ methods you will use to do that?

20. Participatory Decentralised Planning - Steps and Methods

21. Environment building
District, block, GP, city & ward level planning teams constituted
Orientation to decentralised planning facilitated for elected representatives & officials
Information dissemination to citizens and civil society

22. Resource mapping Data-collection about existing resources
Identification of key natural & human resources
Spatial and physical mapping of resources

23. Envisioning Collective thinking & collective visioning
Enable SWOT analysis based on data available
Facilitate creative visuals of future visions

24. Need Identification Within the broad visions, identify specific needs
Focus need identification separately for excluded households and localities
Identify unmet & unstated needs

25. Prioritisation
Planning teams priorities a sequence in which needs to be addressed
Match these priorities with available resource envelops for different schemes
Identify gaps of unmet needs to be fulfilled through respective resources

26. Finalisation
Convene gram sabha, ward sabha, block panchayat and town council meetings
Share prioritization & resource matching plans in usable forms and facilitate discussions
Revise plans accordingly and secure approvals

27. Consolidation & Integration of Plans
Identify spaces for consolidation
Convergence and integrate plans
Consolidate into District plan

28. Implementation & Monitoring of Plans
Monitor the implementation
Monitor the release and utilization of funds
Ensure quality

29. Tools/ Methods Stakeholder analysis
Transect walk, Time line, Relationship matrix, Social mapping
Resource mapping, Service mapping
Problem analysis, Trend analysis
Sector wise planning
Large Group discussion
Focused Group discussion

30. Steps in planning process
Decentralised Planning
Visioning for District Planning
Step 1:
Deciding where to go
Resources for District Planning
Step 2: Ascertaining availability of resources
Planning and Project Formulation
Step 3:
Identifying needs
Step 4:
Prioritizing identified needs
Step 5:
Linking available resources to needs
Consolidation and Integration of District Planning
Step 6: Consolidation and integration with plans prepared by local bodies
Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of Plans
Step 7: Implementation according to the plan
Step 8:
Checking whether set goals have been reached