1. World War I and the Russian Revolution
CHAPTER 27
4/20/2018
CHAPTER 27
World War I and the Russian Revolution
Section 1: Setting the Stage for War
Section 2: World War I: A New Kind of War
Section 3: The Russian Revolution
Section 4: The Terms of Peace
Section 5: Creating a “New” Europe

2. Setting the Stage for War
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
Objectives:
Explain why rivalries increased among European nations.
Identify the military alliances that existed at the beginning of World War I and explain how they changed by late 1915.
Explain why the Balkans were a “powder keg.”

3. Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism
Europeans leaders thought their goals could only be achieved by force

4. The System of Alliances
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
The System of Alliances
The Triple Alliance – Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary
The Triple Entente – France, Russia, and Great Britain

5. The Balkan “Powder Keg”
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
The Balkan “Powder Keg”
Provided outlet to the sea
Pan-Slavism

6. Mobilization of Europe
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
Mobilization of Europe
Russia supported Serbia
Germany disregarded Belgian neutrality

7. Setting the Stage for War
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
The War Expands
Japan joined Great Britain and France
Italy signed secret treaty with Great Britain, France and Russia for share of spoils
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined Austria-Hungary and Germany

8. World War I: A New Kind of War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
Objectives:
Identify the advantages that each side had in World War I.
Explain how new technology affected the way in which World War I was fought.
Explain what led the United States to join the Allied Powers.

9. World War I: A New Kind of War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
The Belligerents
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
had more rapid communications and movement, and better army
Allied Powers
Britain, France, Russia (left 1917), Italy (joined 1915), Japan, US (joined 1917)
had more soldiers, better industry, and better navy

10. Schlieffen Plan
German plan to fight France and Russia

11. Innovations in Warfare
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
Innovations in Warfare
Machine gun
U-boat
Poison gas
Airplane
Tank

12. Machine Guns: Arms Race

13. Machine Guns: Arms Race

14. Artillery

15. Railroad Guns

16. Tanks (Little Willie)

17. St. Chamond

18. Whippet

19. Renault Tank

20. Spad

21. Sopwith Pup

22. Albatross D

23. Handley-Page Bomber

24. Airships/Zeppleins

25. U-Boats

26. Poison Gas

27. World War I: A New Kind of War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
Early Years of the War
Fighting on Gallipoli
Attempted invasion of SE Europe (1915)
Naval warfare
2 major naval battles
Germany resorted to Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
The stalemate
a war of attrition
Trench warfare

28. Trench Warfare

29. The United States and World War I
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind of War
The United States and World War I
Contraband
Goods supplied by a neutral to a belligerent
Germans sunk US ships
Propaganda about German atrocities
Using selected information to back up your side
Atrocities=war crimes
Democratic ideals
Make the world safe for democracy

30. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Objectives:
Identify the events that led to the Russian Revolution.
Explain how the Communists came to power.
Explain how Russia’s revolution affected its participation in World War I.

31. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Russia in World War I
Russia not prepared to fight in World War I
Army poorly supplied
When Ottoman Empire entered war, British supplies were cut off.
Lost battles

32. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Russia in World War I
Problems at home
Poverty, few roads, few railroads
Suppression of democracy
Weak Duma (legislature)
Duma dissolved when it wanted reforms

33. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Russian Revolutions
First Revolution
March 1917 (February 1917 under Russian calendar)
Czar had taken personal command of the army
Lost their support after a series of food riots
Abdicated his throne and later imprisoned (Executed in 1918)
Provisional Government formed
Led by Alexander Kerensky
In competition with Petrograd Soviet (wanted more radical change than the Provisional Government)

34. Nicholas, Alexandra, and Family

35. Alexander Kerensky

36. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Russian Revolutions
Second Revolution
Led by Socialists
Wanted economic quality for all people
November 1917 (October 1917 under Russian calendar, known as Red October)
Provisional Government overthrown by the Bolsheviks
Most powerful faction of socialists
Led by V.I. Lenin

37. V.I. Lenin (Ulyanov)

38. Lenin and the Bolsheviks
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Lenin and the Bolsheviks
Formed basis of communism
Appealed to the poor Russian masses
Renamed themselves the Communist Party
Nationalized all businesses, industries, and farms
Created an economic disaster

39. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Peace and Civil War
Lenin signed peace treaty with Central Powers
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
March 1918
Surrenders 1/3 of the country to Germany
Decision angered the Allied, who landed troops in Russia
US, British, French, Japanese troops tried to keep Russia in the war

40. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Peace and Civil War
Russian Civil War
Groups wanted to restore the royal family
Reds (Communists) vs. Whites
Bolsheviks formed the Red Army

41. The Russian Revolution

42. The Russian Revolution
Section 3:
The Russian Revolution
Peace and Civil War
Russian Civil War
Civil War was brutal
Led to famine across the country
War was over by 1921
1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formed

43. The Terms of Peace Objectives: Section 4: Define the Fourteen Points.
Explain how the war ended.
Identify the disagreements that the peacemakers faced.

44. Woodrow Wilson US President 1912-1920
History professor form Princeton University
Founded NCAA
Governor of New Jersey
Very idealistic

45. Defeat of the Central Powers
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
Defeat of the Central Powers
Arrival of American troops
Began to arrive in spring, 1918
First offensive was in August, 1918
Revolution in Austria-Hungary
October 1918
Austria and Hungary broke up
Hapsburg Empire dissolved

46. The Fourteen Points
By late October Germany was ready to surrender.
Surrender offer based on U.S. peace plan, the Fourteen Points
Peace plan created with no input from the Allies

47. The Fourteen Points
An end to all secret treaties.
Freedom of the seas for all nations.
Removal of all economic barriers.
Reduction of national armaments.
Fair adjustment of colonial claims.

48. The Fourteen Points
Establishment of a “general association of nations.”
Plan rejected by the Allies
Britain and France wanted revenge

49. End of World War I
U.S troops enter battle in August, 1918.
Germany asks for an armistice in early November.
Armistice takes effect on November 11, 1918 at 11 AM.

50. The Paris Peace Conference
Section 4:
The Terms of Peace
The Paris Peace Conference
Problems facing the peacemakers
some countries were excluded
territorial conflicts
Reparations and peacekeeping
Allies wanted Germany to pay
League of Nations

51. The Terms of Peace What Kind of Peace? Section 4:
Paris Peace Conference
Began January 1919
conflicting viewpoints
United States wanted fair settlement
Many Allies wanted to punish Germany and break it up into regions occupied by Allied forces

52. Creating a “New” Europe
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
Objectives:
Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Explain how territories were redivided after the war.
Explain how the League of Nations was structured.

53. The Treaty of Versailles
Peace treaty that ended World War I.
Germany forced to sign the treaty.
Germany blamed for starting the war.
Germany had to make reparations to the Allies.

54. The Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost territory.
Germany stripped of colonies.
Army limited to 100,000.
Not allowed to have tanks and airplanes.
Could not manufacture large weapons.

55. The Treaty of Versailles
Treaty caused huge resentment.
Other treaties:
Austria-Hungary split into two nations
New nation created in Eastern Europe.

56. The Treaty of Versailles
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
The Treaty of Versailles
Terms for Germany
No draft
Maximum of 100,000 men
No heavy
artillery
military planes
Submarines
Navy limited

58. Creating a “New” Europe
Section 5:
Creating a “New” Europe
The League of Nations
Organization
assembly, council, secretariat, World Court
Mandates
colonies of defeated powers ruled by “advanced” governments
The start of the League
42 member nations grew to 59 by the 1940s

59. Europe 1914

60. Europe 1919

61. Reparations Cycle Germany Britain/France United States Reparations
Loans
War Loans

62. Reparations Cycle
In October 1929, the New York Stock Market crashed.
Destroyed the cycle.