1. ALTERNATE FUELS
Alcohols , Vegetable oils and bio-diesel, Bio-gas, Natural Gas, Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Hydrogen, Properties, Suitability, Engine Modifications, Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of SI and CI Engines using these alternate fuels.

2. Alternative Fuels Alcohols Vegetable oils Biodiesel Biogas Natural gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
Hydrogen

9. Alternative fuels in Engine

11. Alcohols for SI engines
Alcohols having antiknock characteristic compared to gasoline because higher compression ratio of 11:1 and 13:1 to 7:1 or 9:1. Alcohol produces fewer harmful exhaust emissions. It contains about half the heat energy of gasoline per liter. A carburetor or fuel injector fuel passages should be doubled in are to allow extra fuel flow.
It does not vaporize as easily and its latent heat of vaporization is much greater. This affects cold weather starting.

12. Alcohols for SI engines
Water Gasoline Mixture for SI engine.

13. Alcohols for CI engines

26. Hydrogen in CI engine

27. Hydrogen induction in spark ignition engine

31. CNG in SI engine

36. LPG in SI engine

37. LPG in CI engine

38. Typical LPG propane fuel feed system

39. Bio gas in SI engine

42. Bio gas in CI engine

47. Schematic diagram of Experimental Setup

50. Performance of Alternative Fuels
a) BP VS SFC b) BP VS Brake Thermal Efficiency
Specific Fuel Consumption kg/kW-hr
Brake Power kW
Brake Thermal Efficiency %
Brake Power kW

51. Performance of Alternative Fuels Emission
c) BP VS Indicated Thermal Efficiency a) BP VS Carbon dioxide
Indicated Thermal Efficiency %
Brake Power kW
Carbon dioxide %Vol
Brake Power kW

52. Emission b) BP VS Nox c) BP VS Unburned HC Hydrocarbon ppm NOx ppm
Brake Power kW
NOx ppm
Brake Power kW