1. The Scientific Basis for the Art of Teaching
Chapter 1
The Scientific Basis for the Art of Teaching

2. Historical Perspective on Teaching
Role Expectations in Earlier Times
Twentieth-Century Role Expectations
Teaching Challenges for the Twenty-First Century
Teaching in a Multicultural Society
Teaching for the Construction of Meaning
Teaching for Active Learning

3. Historical Perspective on Teaching (cont.)
Teaching with New Views about Abilities
Teaching and Choice
Teaching and Accountability
Teaching and Technology

4. Sample Nineteenth-Century Teacher Contract (Figure 1.1)

5. Teaching Challenges for Twenty-First Century Teachers (Figure 1.2)

6. Percentage of Public School Students Enrolled in Grades K-12 Who Were Minorities, by Geographic Region: (Figure 1.3)

7. Percentage of Distribution of Students Ages 6-21 with Disabilities by Educational Environment between and (Figure 1.4)

8. Check, Extend, Explore Historical Perspective on Teaching
How have teacher roles evolved over the years, and what forces have contributed to these changes? What revisions to traditional schooling do you foresee?
What demographic shifts have led to changes in the student population, and how have these trends impacted schools and teachers?

9. Check, Extend, Explore Historical Perspective on Teaching (cont.)
What are six major teaching challenges of the twenty-first century?

10. A Perspective on Effective Teaching for the Twenty-first Century
The Ultimate Goal of Teaching
A View of the Effective Teacher
Personal Qualities for Developing Authentic Relationships
Knowledge Base to Guide the Art of Practice
Nature and Domains of Knowledge
Teacher Use of Knowledge

11. A Perspective on Effective Teaching (cont.)
The Limits of Research
Repertoire of Effective Practice
Leadership
Instructional
Organizational
Reflection and Problem Solving

12. Nature and Domains of Knowledge
Content Knowledge
Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Knowledge of Learners
General Pedagogical Knowledge
Knowledge of Educational Contexts
Curriculum Knowledge
Knowledge of Educational Ends, Purposes, and Values

13. Percentage of Children Ages 5-17 in Poverty by Urbanicity and Region, 1997 (Figure 1.5)

14. A View of Effective Teachers (Figure 1.6)

15. Classification of Six Models of Teaching (Table 1.1)
Traditional/Teacher-Centered
Lecture/presentation
Direct Instruction
Concept Teaching
Constructivist/
Student-Centered
Cooperative Learning
Problem-Based learning
Classroom Discussion

16. Check, Extend, Explore A Perspective on Effective Teaching
What are the four major characteristics of effective teachers?
What specific personal qualities are typically exhibited by effective teachers?
Why should a teacher’s repertoire of strategies be as diverse and flexible as possible?

17. Check, Extend, Explore A Perspective on Effective Teaching (cont.)
What are the three major aspects of a teacher’s job?

18. Learning to Teach Models of Teacher Development
Stages of Development and Concern
Implications of Development Models for Learning to Teach
Early Influences on Teaching

19. Stages of Development and Concern
Survival Stage
Teaching Situation Stage
Pupil Concern and Mastery Stage

20. Check, Extend, Explore Learning to Teach
What are the stages that teacher typically go through during the process of becoming an effective teacher?
What forces seem to influence many teachers when they initially make the decision to enter the profession? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this situation?