1. THE ATLANTIC WORLD

2. The “First” Americans Arrived from Asia via Bering Strait land bridge
followed herds into Alaska approx. 30,000 yrs ago
by 8000 bc had spread throughout North & South America

4. Native Americans

5. Myth vs Reality Myths Reality “New World” Empty wilderness
Wild Savages
home to 5-10 million people living in complex societies,
domesticated foods that today feed 1/3 of the world (ex: corn, potato)
sophisticated & complex government, religions & economies

6. Latin American Civilizations
Mayan
600 bc to 900 ad
culturally united but politically divided (similar to Ancient Greece)
developed pyramids, written language, calendar & unique agriculture

7. Aztec Inca 1300 - 1500 ad present day Mexico
unified society w/ complex social heirarchy
conquered enemies forced to pay tribute (warriors sacrificed)
Inca ad
present day Chile & Peru
Vast network of connecting roads allowed for military expansion
extensive use of terraced farming

8. North American Societies
Examples of sophisticated socities & civilizations in pre-Columbian America include
Cahokia -“ Mound Builders”
Anasai
Hohokam

9. “Cahokia” & Mississippians
Ohio & Mississippi River Valleys ( 's)
diverse Agriculture supported lg population
by 1250 Cohakia was lgr than London
major center of trade for entire East of continent
Built at least 120 mounds that served as religious & gov't centers of cities

10. Cahokia - “Mound Builders”
(near present-day St. Louis)

11. “Monks Mound”

13. “The Great Serpent” Mound
Built approx. 300 bce by Adena culture in present day Ohio
1/4 mile long - longest serpent effegy in world

14. “Anasazi”
Cliff Palace,
Mesa Verda CO

15. Anasazi - “ancient people”
ancestors of the Pueblo tribe of CO, UT, AZ & NM
developed vast trading network connecting communities across Colorado Plateau
develped cliff dwellings for defense during 1300's

16. “Hohokam”

17. Hohokam - “those who have gone”
300 bc ad in present day Arizona (contemporaries to Anasazi & Cohakai)
used complex irrigation systems to support extensive desert agriculture
declined, and ultimately collapsed, w/ change in climate during the 1400's
canal system heavily influenced canal system of present day city of Pheonix, AZ

18. Christopher Columbus (1492)
Italian citizen who sailed for Spain (Queen Isabella)
Goal was to reach Far East  silks & spices
Landed on Islands of the Caribbean Sea (Bahamas)
Permanent exchange began among the people of the Americas and Europe (goods, ideas, people, slaves, diseases)

19. Europeans in the New World
3 Major Goals:
obtain land
convert natural resources into goods that can be traded
bring Christianity to the Americas

20. Triangular Trade

21. The Columbian Exchange
Exchange of goods and ideas become a prominent part of society
To the Americas:
Diseases  smallpox, plague, influenza, scarlet fever (90% dead)
Foods  wheat rice, sugar cane, coffee, bananas
Animals  horses, pigs, sheep, goats
Other  the wheel, firearms

22. The Columbian Exchange
To Europe:
Diseases  syphilis, hepatitis
Foods  corn, potatoes, yams, peanuts, pumpkins, beans, squash, tomatoes
Animals  turkey, llamas
Other  TOBACCO

24. The African Slave Trade
The demand & growth of natural resources in the Americas led to the implementation of the African slave trade.
Slaves from Western Africa were transported across the Atlantic, where they were sold (known as the “Middle Passage”)
Slaves were also part of the Triangular Trade
Tobacco, Cotton, Sugar, and Molasses were sent to Europe
Manufactured goods were sent to the African coast

25. “The Middle Passage”
The journey of slave trading ships from the west coast of Africa across the Atlantic, where they were sold
Extremely tight packed loads of human cargo that stank and carried both infectious disease and death
Voyage lasted at least five weeks, and sometimes as long as three months

26. “The Middle Passage”

27. European Claims in Americas - 1700