1. Exam Technique: PEC Paragraphs

2. Assessment Objective

3. What is the Assessment Objective?
Assess the usefulness of animal studies in psychological research. (8 marks)

4. Plan

5. Has each paragraph met the assessment objectives?
One strength of using animal studies in research is because the result of animal studies can justify the need for further research on humans. For example, Pavlov studied dogs to research Classical Conditioning. This is a strength because the findings can be used to say that there is a need for further research.

6. Has each paragraph met the assessment objectives?
One reason why using animal studies in research is useful is because the results of animal studies can justify the need for further research on humans. For example, Pavlov studied dogs to research Classical Conditioning. Pavlov’s study is useful because we can use his results to explain how humans learn through Classical Conditioning.

7. Has each paragraph met the assessment objectives?
One reason why using animal studies in psychological research is useful is because the results of animal studies can justify the need for further research on humans. For example, Pavlov concluded that dogs can learn through classical conditioning to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing up a neutral stimulus (bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (meat powder) to produce a unconditioned response (salivation). Pavlov’s work led to Watson and Rayner's research on Little Albert where they were able to Classically Condition Little Albert to have a fear of white rabbits. Later this developed into the therapy for treating phobias, systematic desensitisation where people use the principles of Classical Conditioning to learn to associate their fear with relaxation rather than anxiety. This is useful to society because animal studies can lead to further research on humans that can be used to help improve the lives of others.

8. Has each paragraph met the assessment objectives?
Point: One reason why using animal studies in psychological research is useful is because the results of animal studies can justify the need for further research on humans. Evidence: For example, Pavlov concluded that dogs can learn through classical conditioning to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing up a neutral stimulus (bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (meat powder) to produce a unconditioned response (salivation). Pavlov’s work led to Watson and Rayner's research on Little Albert where they were able to Classically Condition Little Albert to have a fear of white rabbits. Later this developed into the therapy for treating phobias, systematic desensitisation where people use the principles of Classical Conditioning to learn to associate their fear with relaxation rather than anxiety. Comment: This is useful to society because animal studies can lead to further research on humans that can be used to help improve the lives of others.

9. Read the Next Slide and Copy and Paste into the slide
Read the Next Slide and Copy and Paste into the slide. What is different about the comment in this paragraph?
Point: Evidence: Comment:

10. Has each paragraph met the assessment objectives?
One reason why using animal studies in psychological research are useful is because the results of animal studies can justify the need for further research on humans. For example, Pavlov concluded that dogs can learn through classical conditioning to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing up a neutral stimulus (bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (meat powder) to produce a unconditioned response (salivation). Pavlov’s work led to Watson and Rayner's research on Little Albert where they were able to Classically Condition Little Albert to have a fear of white rabbits. Later this developed into the therapy for treating phobias, systematic desensitisation where people use the principles of Classical Conditioning to learn to associate their fear with relaxation rather than anxiety. This is useful to society because animal studies can lead to further research on humans that can be used to help improve the lives of others. In Pavlov’s case his research on dogs has led to systematic desensitisation that has been used to help people overcome their life inhibiting fears.

11. STOP!!!!!
Anyone notice what I should have included when introducing a study?

12. Your Turn….

13. What is the Assessment Objective?
Sarah is 30 and has suffered from depression when she was 25. Over the past two months, Sarah’s husband has noticed that she says that she has been hearing voices, feeling low and sometimes has the inability to move. Sarah spent most of her childhood and youth in Ghana, where she took part and believed in the local customs and religion however, she has lived in the UK since the age of 18 and her husband is British. Sarah’s husband will take her to see two doctors to receive two opinions. Evaluate the use of DSM to correctly diagnose Sarah with Schizophrenia. (16 marks)

14. Plan

15. Write: PEEL
Point: The DSM V may not diagnose Sarah correctly because of Sarah’s cultural upbringing in Ghana. Evidence: For example, Luhrmann et al (2015) found that in the USA hearing voices was seen as a negative experience, whereas in Ghana hearing voices is a positive experience. Therefore, because Sarah grew up in Ghana she might think that hearing voices is not a symptom of her changing behaviour over the past two months. This would result in Sarah not reporting this symptom to the doctor. Evaluate: Therefore, cultural differences in what the patient believes to be normal behaviour and the DSM V criteria for Schizophrenia can lead to incorrect diagnosis. Link: In Sarah’s case, if she fails to disclose one of the three positive symptoms (hallucinations, disorganised speech and delusions) she will not be correctly diagnosed with Schizophrenia.

16. Your Turn…