1. The muslim world expands 1300-1700
Unit 1: Chapter 2
The muslim world expands

2. Islam Founder: Muhammad Sacred Text: Quran/Koran God: Allah
7th century
Sacred Text: Quran/Koran
God: Allah

3. Important Beliefs Five Pillars (duties) Proclaim belief in one god
Prayer: 5 times a day, facing Mecca
Charity to poor and aged
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca

4. Divisions within Islam
After Muhammad’s death fight over who is Muhammad’s heir as caliph (head of a Muslim state), many murdered including Ali; Muhammad’s son-in-law
Split into Sunni and Shiite
Sunni-believe any devout Muslim could be caliph
Shiite-believe only descendants of Ali can be caliph

5. EQ: What were the characteristics of the muslim empire established by the ottomans?

6. Rise of the ottomans 1300s Byzantine Empire was declining
Most of Anatolia was inhabited by Turks
Many saw themselves as ghazis (warriors for Islam)
Formed military societies under an emir (chief commander)
Followed a strict code of Islamic law
Most successful ghazi- Osman (followers called Ottomans)

7. Print talk/walk
Each group will receive one of the prominent rulers of the Ottoman Empire
Osman
Orkhan I
Murad II
Mehmed II
Selim the Grim
Suleyman I
In your graph organizer note the time period of their reign, their major accomplishments and any fact that you are pretty sure you need to know
Raise your hand and I will check your organizer; once it is checked- write your information on the paper provided so it can be posted
When time to work is up each group will select one person to present their group’s findings.

8. Why? Sultans feared anyone taking their power
How did suleyman’s selection of a successor eventually spell disaster for the ottoman empire?
Killed his most able son; exiled another- Selim II inherited the throne
Weak
Most new sultans had their brothers strangled and their sons in the harem- mostly uneducated
Why? Sultans feared anyone taking their power

9. Vocabulary Practice-matching
Sultan
Ghazis
Devshirme
janissaries
Elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire; loyal to sultan
Warrior for Islam
Policy of taking boys from conquered Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers
“overlord” or “one with power”

10. Answer EQ
What were the characteristics of the Muslim Empire established by the Ottomans?

11. EQ: What were the cultural characteristics of the blended safavid empire?

12. What do you think the phrase “cultural Blending” Means?
THINK ABOUT IT
What do you think the phrase “cultural Blending” Means?

13. Patterns of cultural blending
Led by cultural change- migration: pursuit of religious freedom or conversion, trade, conquest
Results-
Language (ex: Persian and Arabic words used)
Religion and ethical systems
Styles of government
Racial/ethnic blending
Arts and architecture

14. Safavid empire Located between the Ottomans, Uzbeks and Mughal Empire
yr old ruler, Isma’il, took over “Iran”; done within 2 years
Took Persian title of shah (king)
Est. Shi’a Islam as state religion
Religious tyrant; don’t convert you were put to death
Destroyed Sunni population of Baghdad; Selim the Grim retaliated by executing Shi’a population in Ottoman Empire (up to 40,000)
Safavid vs Ottoman face off: Battle of Chaldiran sets border between Iraq and Iran

15. Concept web: Safavid Golden Age
Shah Abbas (Abbas the Great)
Under him the Safavid culture will develop from a blend between Ottoman, Persian, Arab sources
New
Capital
military
Safavid Golden Age
Reforms
government
Artwork
religion
Carpets

16. Decline
Shah Abbas killed/blinded able sons; incompetent rulers followed
1736: Nadir Shah Afshar expanded to India
Cruel (death penalty if you didn’t pay your taxes; killed 30,000 citizens in the city of Dehli- present day India)
Assassinated by one of his troops 1747
Empire fell apart

17. Answer the EQ: Group
What were the cultural characteristics of the blended Safavid Empire?

18. EQ: How did the Mughal empire bring turks, persians and indians together?

19. Rise of the Mughal empire
1494: Babur inherited a tiny kingdom in present day Uzbekistan and Tajikistan but the elders drove him out
Builds army, swept into India and est. Mughal Empire (no unity in India due to defeated Dehli Sultanate 1398 by Timur the Lame)
Rules from ; then son Humayan ruled: weak, lost territory
When he dies his son, Akbar, comes to the throne

20. Akbar’s golden age Blended Cultures (Persian, Arabic, Hindi= Urdu)
Military conqueror
Armies had heavy artillery
Appointed some rajputs as officers- made enemies into allies
Unified a land of 100 million people
King must always be aggressive so his neighbors do not try to conquer him
Liberal ruler
Religious freedom
Abolish tax on Hindu pilgrimages and jizya (tax on non-Muslims)
Instead a tax on amount of crops yielded
Governed through Bureaucracy
Anyone could rise to political office

21. Akbar’s successors Son: Jahangir; real ruler wife- Nur Jahan
Son Khusrau rebelled, allied with Sikhs; leads to Sikhs becoming targets of empire
Grandson: Shah Jahan
Built Taj Mahal as tomb for wife, Mumtaz Mahal
Famines, overtaxed the people to build monuments and war
Great-grandson: Aurangzeb ( )
Expanded empire but weakened it by overtaxing non-Muslims, outlawing “vices”, enforcing Islamic law, destroyed Hindu monuments
Rajputs and Sikhs rebel

23. Decline 2 million people died in famine under Aurangzeb
Local lords arose; empire divides
Mughal emperor becomes figurehead
Western traders arrived
1661 Aurangzeb gave away port of Bombay

24. Do now: Compare and Contrast the policies of Akbar and Aurangzeb
Create a T-chart and compared and contrast Akbar’s polices and Aurangzeb’s policies