1. Civil Rights
Chapters 38 and 39

2. Plessy v Ferguson 1896
Supreme Court ruled that “separate” public facilities for black and whites Americans as long as they were “equal”
“Separate but Equal”
us.history.wisc.edu

3. Jim Crow Laws Laws that restricted African Americans from voting.
Grandfather clause
Literacy tests
Poll tax-money paid to be able to vote
24th Amendment in 1964 eliminated poll taxes

4. Segregation Segregation-to separate into races
Integration- combination of different races
De facto segregation- that exists by practice and customs (Ex. Sitting in the back of the bus if you were black.)
De jure segregation- by law (Ex. Separate

5. NAACP- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Challenging Segregation in Court
NAACP used legal strategy
Over the next 23 years, Marshall and his legal team would win 29 out of 32 cases argued before the Supreme Court.

6. Thurgood Marshall
The chief lawyer in the fight against Plessy v Ferguson.
First African American to sit on the Supreme Court.
Filed lawsuits that proved southern black schools were unequal.
faculty.washington.edu/.../thurgood_marshall.jpg

7. Brown v The Board of Education-1954
A Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v Ferguson.
“Separate but equal” was unconstitutional.
A eight year old Linda Brown wanted to go to an all white school (four blocks from her home)
______________________________________________________________

9. Central High School 1957
In 1957, Little Rock, Arkansas, Governor Faubus used the National Guard troops to prevent nine black students form enrolling at the all white school.
The crisis at Central High forced Pres. Eisenhower to act.
Eisenhower ordered the National Guard to protect the nine students.

11. Rosa Parks
She acted on her own protest on a bus in Montgomery Alabama on December 1, 1955.
It was the spark that ignited the civil rights movement.
Bus Boycott-1 year

12. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr
President of a new group called the Montgomery Improvement Association.
Minister/ received his Ph. D from Boston University
Leader of the Civil Rights
Non-violence of Gandhi
Dr. King was 26 years old.
Rev. Ralph Abernathy- Associate of MLK

13. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) 1957
This organization was set up by Dr. Martin Luther King’
It’s purpose was to encourage civil rights movement.
Emphasized the need for more blacks to vote.
Using the churches
NAACP was too slow for MLK
Concept of civil disobedience.
First director was Ella Baker

14. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) 1960
Student led organization.
Student protestors
Method used were sit-ins
Ella Baker helped to organize students.
1960, the students descended on & desegregated lunch counters in 48 cities (Sit- In’s)
libinfo.uark.edu/Libimages/eresources/SNCC.jpg

16. Freedom Riders
Sought Desegregation in the Deep South through a bus trip across the south. Became violent.
The riders would load up buses and register black votes.
Anniston, Alabama, about 200 angry whites attacked the bus.

18. Results of the Freedom Riders
President Kennedy sent 400 US marshals to protect the riders.
Interstate Commerce Commission banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities.

19. MLK: Birmingham Jail

20. Project C
“Confrontation”- SCLC, to promote confrontations with local white officials and televise the nonviolent protestors vs. the white police.

21. Governor George Wallace
1963, Pres. Kennedy ordered troops to force Governor Wallace to honor a court order.
“Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!”

23. ...
content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-common

24. A. Philip Randolph
Veteran civil rights leader who led a group in organizing a March on Washington DC

25. March on Washington August 28, 1963
The March drew public support for the civil rights laws.
1963, the largest single demonstration of the early 1960’s.
Considered the turning point in the civil rights movement.

26. Martin Luther King’s speech
"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: 'We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.'"
"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream - 34k - Mar 24, 2007

27. Lincoln Memorial
250,000 people, more than twice than expected, gathered to demonstrate support of legislation to outlaw racially segregated facilities. Both blacks and whites marched.
25% were white
Televised
classes.design.ucla.edu/Fall04/161A/projects

28. Civil Rights Act of 1964 President LBJ passed this law.
Eliminated “whites only” public facilities
Outlawed racial bias in hiring blacks, non-black minorities
Outlawing sexual discrimination against women. (NOW)
images.amazon.com/images/P/ _AA2

29. Voting Rights Act of 1965 The act eliminated literacy tests.
Federal examiners would enroll voters who had been denied suffrage.
African Americans voters rose from 10% to 60%
US President Lyndon B. Johnson signed it.

30. Malcolm X Malcolm Little, went to jail at the age of 20.
Malcolm studied the teachings of Ellijah Muhammad head of the Nation of Islam.
Black Muslims-whites were the cause of the black condition & blacks should separate from whites.
Black Pride
noisa.noi.org

31. Malcolm X His call for armed self defense
Malcolm X attention drew resentment from other members of the Nation of Islam.
Killed in 1965
Ballots or bullets

32. Black Power Stokely Carmichael of SNCC
Call for black people to begin to define their own goals.
MLK asked Carmichael to stop, instead he (Carmichael) wanted all whites out of SNCC

33. African Americans “Black Pride”
Lew Alcindor- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
Cassius Clay-Muhammad Ali

34. Black Panthers
1966, Bobby Seals founded a political party known as the Black Panthers in Oakland, California.

35. 1968 Olympics in Mexico City
Tommy Smith and John Carlos giving Black Power Salute, 1968 Olympics, Mexico City

36. Dr. Martin Luther King is killed in 1968
April 4, 1968 MLK was assassinated by James Earl Ray.
Motel Lorraine
Memphis, Tennessee

37. James Earl Ray He assassinated Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
April, 1968 in Memphis Tennessee
newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/ /jpg