1. Chapter 10 Electing Leaders
American Civics
4/20/2018
Chapter 10 Electing Leaders
Section 1: A Two-Party System
Section 2: Political Party Organization
Section 3: The Right to Vote
Section 4: Nominating and Electing Leaders
Chapter 10

2. Section 1: A Two-Party System
The Main Idea
Political parties play an important role in the American democratic process. Party supporters put their political ideas to work at all levels of government.
Reading Focus
What is the role of political parties in the United States?
What are the differences between two-party and one-party political systems?
What impact have third parties had on the United States?

3. One purpose of political parties is
American Civics
4/20/2018
Section 1: A Two-Party System
Political Parties:
Political Party- group of citizens with similar views on public issues who work to put their ideas into effective government action.
Nominate- select candidates to run for political office
Candidate-- a person who runs for government office
Political Spectrum- Refers to a range of differences in political views between parties.
Liberal
Conservative
One purpose of political parties is
The role of the political party is to convince voters to elect candidates who support the party’s ideas.
Most long-standing spectra include a right wing and left wing, which originally referred to seating arrangements in the French parliament after the Revolution (1789–99)
Chapter 10

5. T T

6. Section 1: A Two-Party System
The Main Idea
Political parties play an important role in the American democratic process. Party supporters put their political ideas to work at all levels of government.
Reading Focus
What is the role of political parties in the United States?
What are the differences between two-party and one-party political systems?
What impact have third parties had on the United States?

7. Develops over time.. Not in the Constitution
Section 1: A Two-Party System
The Two- Party System:
Two- Party System
2 Main Parties in U.S.
Democratic Party
Liberal
Favors a greater role for the federal government in providing social programs
Republican Party
Conservative
More likely to support reducing the power of the federal government in operating social programs
100s more - Smaller parties do not have significant impact on national politics
Develops over time.. Not in the Constitution

8. The Two- Party System Cont.:
Section 1: A Two-Party System
The Two- Party System Cont.:
Multiparty Systems
Some European Countries
There are more than two strong political parties
No one party can win a majority of votes
Coalition-- Two or more parties must often agree to compromise and work together
Can create problems
Many political parties play a role in government
To run government

9. The Two- Party System Cont.:
Section 1: A Two-Party System
The Two- Party System Cont.:
One- Party System
Single political party controls government
Law usually forbids the formation of another party
Sometimes called dictatorships or totalitarian governments

10. F
The United States has a two-party system. F
The Republican Party is said to be more conservative. F
The multiparty system sometimes makes stable governments more difficult to attain. T T

11. In two-party systems, one party can check the other and give citizens a choice that one-party systems do not. A coalition, as with multiparty systems, is not needed in a two-party system
to run the government.

12. Section 1: A Two-Party System
The Main Idea
Political parties play an important role in the American democratic process. Party supporters put their political ideas to work at all levels of government.
Reading Focus
What is the role of political parties in the United States?
What are the differences between two-party and one-party political systems?
What impact have third parties had on the United States?

13. Favored direct election of senators by voters of each state
Section 1: A Two-Party System
Third Parties:
At times they have greatly influenced national politics, even though their candidate did not win.
Examples
1912 -T. Roosevelt- Progressive Party
1992- Ross Perot
Influence legislation
Ex. Populist Party (late 1800s)
Organized when TR was denied the Republican nomination
Helped Wilson win the presidency
Ideas were taken over by the major political parties & accepted by many Americans
Favored direct election of senators by voters of each state

15. F
Theodore Roosevelt formed the Progressive Party. F
Perot’s involvement may have cost George Bush the election. T

16. Political parties in the United States:
Section 1: A Two-Party System
Political parties in the United States:
Way for large groups with similar ideas to get things done
Take positions on public issues and work to pass laws
Allows individuals to have a stronger voice within a group
Parties must compromise and work together

17. The development of political parties in the United States:
Section 1: A Two-Party System
The development of political parties in the United States:
Federalists—believed in strengthening the central government
Antifederalists (Democratic-Republicans) tried to limit the power of the federal government.
1820s—Andrew Jackson led the Democratic Party; determined the government should represent the “common people”
1854—Republican Party formed by antislavery groups; nominated Abraham Lincoln for president in 1860

18. One-party and two-party political systems:
Section 1: A Two-Party System
One-party and two-party political systems:
One-party systems—dictatorships or totalitarian governments; one group or person has power; people do not have essential freedoms
Two-party systems—create stable governments; allow for majority rule; voters have a choice

19. SECTION 1
Question: What are the differences between one- and two-party systems?
One-Party System
Two-Party System
Usually a totalitarian government
Usually an unlimited government
A government unrestrained by the people
Opposition parties illegal
 Usually restrictive of civil and political rights
Usually forms a stable government
Usually a limited government
Composed of a diverse group of people who share similar political beliefs
Elections are based on a “winner take all” format
 Usually civil and political rights are protected

20. Section 2: Political Party Organization
The Main Idea
Political parties have workers and committees at the local, state, and national levels. The party nominates candidates for office and campaigns to get those candidates elected.
Reading Focus
How are political parties organized?
How do political parties operate at the local level?
What are the two main sources of money for financing political campaigns?

21. Planning for each political party is conducted in committees
Section 2: Political Party Organization
Party Organization:
Political Parties exist to nominate and elect candidates to office.
Organized at the local, state, & national level
Raise money to pay its expenses
Plan campaign strategies
Party Committees
National , State, & Local
Series of Committees
Headed by chairperson
Elected or chosen at caucuses
Planning for each political party is conducted in committees

22. Party Organization Cont.:
Section 2: Political Party Organization
Party Organization Cont.:
Can be elected by a state convention
National committee—sets dates, rules, and location of national convention; publishes and distributes literature; arranges speakers; aids presidential candidate
State central committees—supervise operations within the states; maintain harmony and organization; raise money and aid candidates
Largest Committee
Members of national committees can NOT be chosen in a national election.
Each party’s presidential & vice presidential candidate is chosen at a national nominating convention

23. State committee chairpersons are often members of the national committee.
State committees supervise party organization in each state, organize state campaigns, and raise money.
The national committee selects the city where the national nominating convention will be held, the date, and the rules for
the convention.
National committee members are elected by a state convention, elected by voters in a statewide election, or chosen by the state central committee.

24. Section 2: Political Party Organization
The Main Idea
Political parties have workers and committees at the local, state, and national levels. The party nominates candidates for office and campaigns to get those candidates elected.
Reading Focus
How are political parties organized?
How do political parties operate at the local level?
What are the two main sources of money for financing political campaigns?

25. Local Organization: Section 2: Political Party Organization
Local committees—conduct campaigns; recommend appointments and candidates; raise money; crucial to party success; precinct captains encourage voters to cast ballots for the party’s candidates
Precincts– local voting districts in counties, cities, and wards
Polling Place– Where voting takes place
The party’s successes or failures often depend on the local committees & their leaders

26. Local committee members are elected by party members and committee members elect chairpersons.
They conduct campaigns and local elections, and raise money for the party and candidates.

27. Section 2: Political Party Organization
The Main Idea
Political parties have workers and committees at the local, state, and national levels. The party nominates candidates for office and campaigns to get those candidates elected.
Reading Focus
How are political parties organized?
How do political parties operate at the local level?
What are the two main sources of money for financing political campaigns?

28. Financing Campaigns: Section 2: Political Party Organization
Private contributions make up a large percentage of funds.
Business groups, labor unions and other groups also contribute.
Large fund-raising events are held by each party.
Fear of corruption prompted Congress to regulate the size of donations.

29. Financing Campaigns: Private Financing
Section 2: Political Party Organization
Financing Campaigns: Private Financing
1972—Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) passed to limit political contributions & lessen the possibility of corruption
2002– Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) which revised the contribution limit.

30. Financing Campaigns: Private Financing
Section 2: Political Party Organization
Financing Campaigns: Private Financing
FECA limits size of contributions and requires a report of donors.
Must report anyone who donates $200 or more a year
Individuals are limited to $2,100 for each- the primary and general elections
Enforced by the Federal Election Commission
May still make unlimited contributions to activities that are not part of federal candidate’s campaign.
Soft Money

31. Financing Campaigns: Public Financing
Section 2: Political Party Organization
Financing Campaigns: Public Financing
The Presidential Election Campaign Fund gives public funds to qualified candidates who can then no longer receive private donations.
Income tax $3 contribution
Distributed by U.S. Treasury
To be eligible
Candidate must raise $5,000 from private contributions in each of at least 20 states
Agree to limit their spending to nomination campaigns
After winning the nominations candidates cannot accept private contributions.
For public financing of presidential elections
Who accept public funding

32. State Central Committees
American Civics
SECTION 2
4/20/2018
Question:
What are the responsibilities of each of the committees, and how do they help their major political party?
National Committee
 Selects the site and date for the national nominating convention
 Sets rules for convention
 Helps presidential candidate with election
State Central Committees
 Supervises party’s operations within each state
 Maintains party harmony
 Helps raise money for political campaigns
Local Committees
 Conducts campaigns at the local level
 Raises money for the party and party candidates
 Makes recommendations for political appointments
 Precinct captains are responsible for getting voters out to vote
Chapter 10

33. It limited political contributions and created the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. The Federal Election Commission
monitors the contributions.
A candidate must raise at least $5,000 from private contributions in at least 20 states, and then they can receive matching funds with certain stipulations.

34. Section 3: The Right to Vote
The Main Idea
The right to vote is one of the most important rights held by U.S. citizens. It is the means through which citizens can most directly affect the actions of government.
Reading Focus
How do you become a voter in the United States?
What is the difference between primary elections and general elections?
How has the voting process changed over the years?

35. Becoming a Voter Section 3: The Right to Vote
All U.S. citizens over the age of 18 are eligible to vote.
States cannot deny the right to vote based on race, color, or sex.
Voters must register prior to an election.
Name, Address, & Date of Birth
Choose a party or register as independent
Can change later
Disqualified voters include prison inmates, mentally incompetent persons, election-law violators, and persons with no established residence.
Without penalty or consequence

36. e
No one can vote more than once or claim to be someone else and cast that person’s vote.

37. Section 3: The Right to Vote
The Main Idea
The right to vote is one of the most important rights held by U.S. citizens. It is the means through which citizens can most directly affect the actions of government.
Reading Focus
How do you become a voter in the United States?
What is the difference between primary elections and general elections?
How has the voting process changed over the years?

38. Elections Primary Elections
Section 3: The Right to Vote
In states that do not hold primaries, delegates are selected by the state’s party leaders or state committees.
Elections Primary Elections
Allows registered voters to choose the party candidates
Closed primary: only party members can vote for each party’s candidate
Registered independent voters cannot vote
Open primary: voters can vote for either party’s candidates
Sometimes called caucuses

39. Elections Independent Candidates
Section 3: The Right to Vote
Elections Independent Candidates
Independent candidates do not belong to a political party
Can be placed on the general election ballot with if enough supporters sign a petition
Write- in candidates

40. Elections General Elections
Section 3: The Right to Vote
Elections General Elections
Voters choose their leaders
First Tuesday following the first Monday of November
Presidential elections every 4 years, Congressional elections every 2 years on even years.
Registered voters choose the leaders.
State & local officials are also on the ballot

41. a d f b
If enough voters sign a petition supporting a candidate, he or she can be on the ballot.

42. Section 3: The Right to Vote
The Main Idea
The right to vote is one of the most important rights held by U.S. citizens. It is the means through which citizens can most directly affect the actions of government.
Reading Focus
How do you become a voter in the United States?
What is the difference between primary elections and general elections?
How has the voting process changed over the years?

43. Voting Section 3: The Right to Vote Early 1800s—voting was by voice
1888—secret ballots adopted to ensure fairness and honesty
1960s—Mechanical lever machines were most common
Punchcards, mark-sense, and direct recording electronic systems are other paper-ballot alternatives.
vote
voting
Used in most states

44. Voting Section 3: The Right to Vote
Polling Places are open from early in the morning until evening (7am-8pm PA)
Law requires that employers must give time off to vote, most states, not PA
Straight ticket- vote for all the candidates of one party
Split ticket– choosing candidates of more than one political party

45. c
mechanical lever machines, punchcards, marksense, and direct recording electronic (DRE) systems

46. Mechanical lever machines Marksense (optical scan)
SECTION 3
Question: What are the various voting methods currently used across the country?
Paper ballot
Mechanical lever machines
Voting Methods
Marksense (optical scan)
DRE system
Suggestions?

47. Section 4: Nominating and Electing Leaders
The Main Idea
Every four years the United States elects a president. Citizens need to follow the presidential election campaign, stay informed about the candidates and the issues, and vote.
Reading Focus
What is the main purpose of the electoral college?
What is the nomination process at the national party conventions?

48. National nominating conventions and choosing delegates:
Section 4: Nominating and Electing Leaders
National nominating conventions and choosing delegates:
Delegates are elected in primaries or selected by party leaders.
Additional delegates are determined by different formulas.
Parties agree on a platform and select a candidate at national conventions.
Conventions are huge, televised events intended to spread the party’s message to voters.

49. The nomination process at the national conventions:
Section 4: Nominating and Electing Leaders
The nomination process at the national conventions:
State-by-state roll call and nominating speeches for candidates
Favorite sons or daughters nominated to honor or delay decision
Balloting of the delegates ensues until candidate is chosen
Delegates nominate the vice president based on ability win votes
Presidential candidates have the strongest voice regarding the choice for vice president.

50. Methods of presidential campaigning:
Section 4: Nominating and Electing Leaders
Methods of presidential campaigning:
Television and other media advertise candidates’ views.
Presidential debates (televised since 1960s)
Computers offer online campaigning.
Personal-appearance tours
Telephone campaigning urges citizens to vote.

51. The main purpose of the electoral college:
Section 4: Nominating and Electing Our Leaders
The main purpose of the electoral college:
Electors cast the official votes for presidency based on the popular vote in each state.
The framers of the Constitution worried citizens would not be able to choose wise leaders.
The relevancy of the electoral college today is in debate.

52. SECTION 4
Question: What events occur between the time a person announces candidacy and inauguration?
Presidential Election Day
Votes counted before a Joint Session of Congress
National Nominating Conventions
Announces candidacy
Electors Vote
Presidential Primaries
Campaigning
Inauguration

53. Chapter 10 Wrap-Up
1. What purposes do political parties serve, and what are the advantages of a two-party system?
2. What are coalition governments, and why are they often unstable?
3. How do political parties raise money, and how does Congress regulate fund-raising?
4. How do presidential candidates use public funds for their campaigns?
5. What protections do voters receive from the Constitution and the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
6. How do the major political parties select their presidential candidates?
7. Why do some people want to replace the electoral college?