1. Ch. 7 States of Consciousness

2. Sleep

3. Circadian Rhythms 24 hour sleep cycle
Changing from working nights to days
Transpacific flight
Tokyo to Seattle
Going West to East is hardest
Sun is moving East to West)

4. Brain Waves during Sleep
Alpha waves
Sleep spindles
Delta waves
REM sleep

5. Brain Waves During Sleep
Alpha waves (Stage 1)
Awake & relaxed
Sleep spindles (Stage 2)
Bursts of rapid rhythmic brain activity
Lasts about 20 minutes
Delta Waves (Stage 3 & 4)
Deep sleep
Slow waves
Lasts about 30 minutes

6. REM Sleep (Rapid Eye Movement)
90 Minute cycle
Dreaming
Helps consolidate memories
Sexual (genital) arousal

7. Typical nights sleep

8. Sleep Disorders Insomnia Narcolepsy
Persistent trouble falling or staying asleep
Narcolepsy
Sleep (seizure)
Falling asleep immediately for about 5 minutes
May occur at many inopportune (or serious) times (e.g. having sex)

9. Sleep Disorders (Cont.)
Sleep apnea
You stop breathing while asleep
Snort air and fall back asleep
Night Terrors
Mostly children
Appear terrified - sits up or walks around
Usually remembers little or nothing the next morning.

10. Sleep & the life cycle

11. Hypnosis
A relaxed state in which the hypnotist suggests certain perceptions and feelings or thoughts.
Some people may be more susceptible to being hypnotized than others.
Particularly if they strongly believe they can be hypnotized.
You can not be hypnotized against your will.

12. Posthypnotic suggestion
Suggestions given during hypnosis that you will act a certain way after the session.
Cigarettes or weight loss

13. Social influence theory of hypnosis
Hypnotized subjects are simply acting out the role of a good hypnotic subject.

14. Drugs & Consciousness Tolerance
Larger doses are needed to produce the same effect.

15. Withdrawal Physical response to withdrawal of the drug Anxiety Pain
Intense cravings
Difficulty sleeping
Headaches when you stop smoking

16. Misconceptions about addiction
1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt
A. Lower level drug use does not necessarily lead to “harder” drugs.
B. Medical use of drugs (e.g. Morphine) to control pain rarely result in the patient becoming addicted.

17. Misconceptions about addiction
2. Therapy is always needed to “kick the habit”.
Many people have quit drugs on their own - although therapy may help
3. Other pleasurable activities
(or a compulsion) and be “addictive”
E.g. Gambling, internet, sex

18. Predictors of drug use Stress Failure Depression
Peers - Close friends who use drugs
( particularly among adolescents)