1. CHAPTER 15 SECTION 1

2. AFTER THE WAR
Reconstruction- A period in history where Confederate states must change to rejoin the U.S.
Economic
Political
Social
Social reconstruction involved development of Social, Economic and Political status for African-Americans

3. EMANCIPATION
Emancipation Proclamation- Issued by President Abraham Lincoln January1st,1863
Texas didn’t consider themselves under U.S. rule and ignored the proclamation.
Gen. Gordon Granger travel on June 19th 1865, to Galveston and by authority of the president, declared all slaves to be free
June 19th celebrated as day of freedom in Texas. “Juneteenth”

4. EMANCIPATION Freed slaves were known as “Freedman”
Many didn’t have jobs or homes, traveled to cities for work. Established communities known as “Freedtowns”
Searched for family members
Some stayed on plantations for a wage
Sharecroppers

6. FREEDMAN’S BUREAU
Created by U.S. Congress, to help former slaves faced new challenges of freedom.
Food
Shelter
Medicine
Finding Employment
Representation in court system
Major contribution in providing schools for African-Americans, by 1870, 100 schools.

7. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS Johnson’s PLAN PROVISIONS
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote

8. CONSTITUTION OF 1866
Texas changed constitution back to the way it was before secession and cancelled all war debt, along with ending slavery.
Texas refused to ratify the thirteenth amendment that made slavery illegal in U.S.
Texas also denied civil rights to African-Americans

9. THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

10. “BLACK CODES” African-Americans assigned second class citizens
African-American men were not allowed:
To vote
Hold public office
Serve on a jury
Use same public transportation as whites
Texas Homestead Law allowed free land for citizens but excluded African-Americans

11. CONGRESS’ REACTION
Even though President Johnson admitted Texas back into Union, Congress did not.
Congress held the power to admit states to the union, rejected Texas.
A group in Congress called the Radical Republicans believed Congress should control the reconstruction of the south.

12. James W. Throckmorton
After moving to Texas with his family in 1841, James W. Throckmorton practiced medicine and law before being elected to the Texas legislature. He fought against secession alongside Sam Houston prior to the Civil War and was one of the delegates who voted against secession in After the war, Throckmorton was appointed governor of Texas, but he was removed from office the following year. He later served as a Texas representative in the U.S. Congress.

13. CHAPTER 15 SECTIONS 2&3

14. Many Texans resisted the requirements of Reconstruction.
Others believed that Texans should do whatever was
needed to rejoin the Union as quickly as possible.
Texan John H. Reagan, former postmaster general
of the Confederacy, was put in prison in Boston
for several months after the Civil War. He wrote advice
to his fellow Texans from his prison cell in August 1865.
To the People of Texas:
. . . I take the liberty of suggesting to you . . .
to accept the present condition of things, as the result of war
The State occupies the condition of a conquered nation. State
government and State sovereignty are in abeyance, and will be
so until you adopt a government and policy acceptable to the
conquerors. A refusal to accede to these conditions would only
result in prolongation of the time during which you will be
deprived of a civil government of your own choice.
John H. Reagan, letter from prison, August 11, 1865

15. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS Johnson’s PLAN PROVISIONS Radical Republicans
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical Republicans
1.People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment

16. FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT
All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

17. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS Johnson’s PLAN PROVISIONS Radical Republicans
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical Republicans
1..People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
Congressional
1.Placed Confederate states under military rule 2. Divided 10 states into 5 military districts 3. Required states to eliminate “Black Codes”

18. KU KLUX KLAN
The Klan’s goals were to restore Democratic control of the South and to keep former slaves powerless.The Klan attacked African Americans. Often it targeted those who owned land or had become wealthy. The Klan also attacked white Republicans. Klan victims had little protection. The Klan used threats and violence to prevent African Americans from voting or registering to vote. Despite their efforts, nearly 50,000 African American men registered to vote in Texas. In fact, ten elected delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1868–1869 were African Americans.

19. CONSTITUTION OF 1869 Declared the constitution of U.S. as law.
Guaranteed the right of all men to vote regardless of race, color, or former conditions
Established the foundation for a public school system
Centralized system of law enforcement.

20. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS Johnson’s Davis PLAN PROVISIONS
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical Republicans
1..People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
Congressional
1.Placed Confederate states under military rule 2. Divided 10 states into 5 military districts 3. Required states to eliminate “Black Codes.”
Davis
1.Gave authority to declare martial law 2. Authority to appoint individuals to public office 3.Created state police force and militia.

21. TEXAS READMITTED TO UNION
Fifteenth Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude

22. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS Johnson’s Davis PLAN PROVISIONS
1. States had to end slavery 2. Declare their succession illegal 3. Cancel all war debt 4. Pledge loyalty to U.S. to regain right to vote
Radical Republicans
1..People from Confederacy couldn’t hold public office without Congress’ approval 2. Cancelled public debt held by Confederacy 3. End Slavery by accepting 14th Amendment
Congressional
1.Placed Confederate states under military rule 2. Divided 10 states into 5 military districts 3. Required states to eliminate “Black Codes.”
Davis
1.Gave authority to declare Martial law 2. Authority to appoint individuals to public office 3.Created state police force and militia
1876 Constitution
1. Set aside land grants for education, railroads, and homesteads 2. Allowed legislature to meet every other year 3. Stripped governor & Lt. Governor of power.