1. Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America
CHAPTER 20
4/20/2018
CHAPTER 20
Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America
Section 1: Civil War and Revolution
Section 2: Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 3: English Colonial Expansion
Section 4: The Enlightenment
Section 5: The American Revolution

2. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Objectives:
Explore what led to the conflicts between Charles I and Parliament.
Examine how the rebellion in Ireland helped start the English Civil War.
Identify who would have supported the two sides in the English Revolution.
Investigate what led to the downfall of republican government in England.

3. James V of Scotland 1587-1625 James I of England 1603-1625

4. Charles I

5. Charles I and Parliament
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Charles I and Parliament
Charles I believed in divine right of kings
was married to a French Catholic princess
Parliament opposed his tax measures
Made a forced loan on merchants of London
1628 Parliament passed the Petiton of Right
Said that the King could not tax without the consent of Parliament
Charles ruled for 11 years without Parliament

6. Charles I and Parliament
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Charles I and Parliament
11 Years Tyranny
No Parliament for 11 years
1639 Rebellion in Scotland
Rebelled against Charles because he wanted the Scots to follow the Anglican Church
Charles needed money to fight the war, had to recall Parliament

7. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Parliament Recalled
The Short Parliament
Recalled in 1639 and began to question Charles’ rule over the last 11 years
Charles dismissed them
Had to immediately recall them

8. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
The Long Parliament
Parliament took away Charles’ right to dissolve Parliament
New Parliament passed laws
Parliament had to meet every 3 years
King could not pass taxes without Parliament’s consent
Tried his advisors for treason
Made absolute rule impossible

9. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
The Long Parliament
Over the next two years
Scottish rebellion broke out again
Rebellion also broke out in Ireland
Parliament wanted to be in charge of the army
Charles refused to compromise, led troops into House of Commons to arrest opponents
Neither side would compromise
Result was the English Civil War

10. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
English Civil War
Cavaliers – called royalists, supported the king
Roundheads – supported Parliament
Oliver Cromwell
Took charge of Roundheads and became English leader
organized New Model Army and defeated Charles
Rump Parliament – abolished monarchy and House of Lords, proclaimed England a commonwealth, tried Charles I for treason

11. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
English Civil War
Charles executed in 1649
Cromwell still faced rebellions in Scotland and Ireland
Created a very powerful army to deal with them
Rebellions prevented him from forming a representative government
Powerful army discouraged other groups from acting against Cromwell

12. Oliver Cromwell (Lord Protector) 1648-1659

13. Cromwell’s Commonwealth 1649-1660
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
Cromwell’s Commonwealth
Raised money from taxes and land sales
Army was disciplined and powerful
Enemies had no organized army
Encouraged trade and manufacturing

14. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
End of the Revolution
Cromwell quarreled with Parliament, then dissolved it
Cromwell died in 1658
His successor was weak
1660 The monarch restored
Charles II ruled

15. Civil War and Revolution
Section 1:
Civil War and Revolution
End of the Revolution

16. Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Objectives:
Explain how religious attitudes affected the rule of Charles II and James II.
Describe how Parliament reduced the power of the monarchy after the Restoration.
Identify the principal features of Britain’s limited constitutional monarchy.

17. Charles II 1660-1685 Charles II 1660-85 Charles Methods
Used secrecy to gain his ends
Avoided fights with Parliament
Sought to increase toleration for Catholics

18. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Political parties develop
Tories supported Anglican Church
Were willing to accept James II as King
Whigs opposed having Catholic ruler
Wanted to deny the throne to James

19. James II 1685-1689 (Duke of York)

20. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
The Glorious Revolution 1688
bloodless transfer of power in English monarchy
Parliament invited William and Mary to take the throne
Parliament feared that James II would create a line of Catholic rulers

21. William (III) and Mary (II) 1689-1702

22. Political Philosophers
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Political Philosophers
Chaos of the period led to new philosophers
Thomas Hobbes - Leviathan
Believed people acted out of self-interest
Only the strong ruled
Exchange political luiberty in return for security
John Locke
Believed that the purpose of government was to protect individual rights and property

23. Changes in English Government
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Changes in English Government
Habeas Corpus Act Declaration of Rights
protected individuals against unfair arrest and imprisonment, unfairly high bail, or cruel or unusual punishment
Parliament gained power
Toleration Act and Act of Settlement
religious freedoms to Dissenters, but not Roman Catholics or Jews; Act of Settlement kept Catholics from the English throne

24. Constitutional Monarchy in England
Section 2:
Constitutional Monarchy in England
Parliamentary Rule
Growing power of Parliament
monarch must consult with Parliament
cabinet and prime minister held by the majority party
Prime Minister heads the government
Act of Union
united England and Scotland into Great Britain
Constitutional monarchy

25. Anne

26. English Colonial Expansion
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
Objectives:
Investigate who the sea dogs were and what they accomplished.
Explore the results of the British mercantilist policy.

27. The Beginnings of the British Empire
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
The Beginnings of the British Empire
Latecomers to America because of troubles at home
Explorers and sea dogs
English sea captains who attacked the Portuguese and Spanish monopolies of sea trade and raided the invaders
plundered foreign ships
helped defeat Spanish Armada

28. The Beginnings of the British Empire
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
The Beginnings of the British Empire
Explorers
John Cabot gave a foothold in North America
Henry Hudson explored North American rivers
The British in India – British East India Company
Set up trading posts in India
Won over native rulers with support and loyalty
Monopoly on tea

29. English Colonial Expansion
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
The British in America
British settlements
Wanted to find a Northwest Passage to Asia
Roanoke Island first colony (1585) failed
Jamestown (1607)
Relied on slaves
Plymouth (1620)
Religious dissenters

30. English Colonial Expansion
Section 3:
English Colonial Expansion
The British in America
Founded colonies in Caribbean and Bermuda
Sugar colonies that relied on slavery
Mercantilism and the British colonies
discouraged colonial manufacturing and forced colonists to sell certain products only to Britain

31. The Enlightenment Objectives: Section 4:
Identify the principal characteristics of Enlightenment thinking.
Analyze the similarities and differences in the ideas of important Enlightenment philosophers.

32. Thinkers of the Enlightenment
Section 4:
The Enlightenment
Thinkers of the Enlightenment
Believed that natural law governed human behavior
Laws of nature that govern the universe and all creatures
truth could be determined by logic, secularism, and individualism

33. The Enlightenment Political Criticism Section 4: Montesquieu Voltaire
government divided into branches to create checks on political power
Voltaire
criticized intolerance and attempts to suppress personal freedoms

34. The Enlightenment Political Criticism Section 4: Rousseau
distrusted reason, opposed strong government, supported popular sovereignty
Philosophes (Denis Diderot)
Wrote Encyclopedia
Criticized slavery, torture, tax system and war

35. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Objectives:
Explain how Americans responded to British policies after the French and Indian War.
Describe what type of government Americans set up after the American Revolution.

36. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Empire and Conflict
British-French rivalry
Seven Years’ War
British won control of much of North America
Increased imperial control
Sugar Act, Stamp Act
“taxation without representation”
Mercantilist policies stifled American trade

37. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Empire and Conflict
British closed American ports (Boston, 1774)
Laws were known as the Intolerable Acts
American Revolution Begins (1775)
Intensified conflict
colonists hardened their resistance to British policies
Signed the Declaration of Independence

38. American Independence
Section 5:
The American Revolution
American Independence
The Declaration of Independence
government is created to protect individual rights
cannot exist without the consent of the governed
who can alter or abolish it
The war for independence ( )
weak American government
brutal Hessian mercenaries
strong American military leadership

39. American Independence
Section 5:
The American Revolution
American Independence
War and peace
French alliance with United States
Spain and Netherlands
brought American victory

40. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Governing a New Nation
The Articles of Confederation (Adopted 1781)
weak central government
placed power in individual states
The Constitution(1789)
federal government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial
Bill of Rights guaranteed citizens certain rights

41. The American Revolution
Section 5:
The American Revolution
Governing a New Nation
Effects of American independence
democracy that inspired loyalty

42. Vocabulary List (Define in your notes!)
Act of Settlement
Act of Union
Articles of Confederation
Glorious Revolution
Habeus Corpus Act
Instrument of Government of 1653
National Covenant
Rump Parliament
Navigation Act of 1651
Stamp Act
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Thomas Jefferson
Sea Dogs
Montesquieu
Whigs
Tories