1. Tuesday April 4th, 2017 Today: Start Cardiovascular Unit
“There’s only one thing I hate more than lying: skim milk. Which is water that’s lying about being milk” – Ron Swanson
Happy National Walk Around Things Day
Fun Fact: 64% of Americans allegedly prefer their cats’ company to their significant others
Today: Start Cardiovascular Unit
Why do you think oxygen rich blood is scarlet red?( because the protein hemoglobin which we will learn about shortly is bright red)
When you see pictures in your book or online you’ll notice there is red and blue blood, in these pictures the red blood is the oxygenated blood and the blue blood is supposed to represent oxygen poor blood.
The higher our blood Ph the more oxygen in the blood. If our Ph is higher is it becoming more basic or acidic? (Basic)

2. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Part 1: The Blood

3. FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD
Blood: liquid connective tissue with 3 general functions
Transportation: blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body
Transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs so it can be expelled from the body
Regulation: blood regulates the pH of body fluids
Protection: blood clots in response to injury, protects against excessive blood loss
White blood cells protect against diseases
Why do you think oxygen rich blood is scarlet red?( because the protein hemoglobin which we will learn about shortly is bright red)
When you see pictures in your book or online you’ll notice there is red and blue blood, in these pictures the red blood is the oxygenated blood and the blue blood is supposed to represent oxygen poor blood.
The higher our blood Ph the more oxygen in the blood. If our Ph is higher is it becoming more basic or acidic? (Basic)

4. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD
Classified as connective tissue
Color range
Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red
Oxygen-poor blood is dull red
pH must remain between 7.35–7.45
Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body tissues
Transports carbon dioxide, heat and metabolic waste away from body tissues
Why do you think oxygen rich blood is scarlet red?( because the protein hemoglobin which we will learn about shortly is bright red)
When you see pictures in your book or online you’ll notice there is red and blue blood, in these pictures the red blood is the oxygenated blood and the blue blood is supposed to represent oxygen poor blood.
The higher our blood Ph the more oxygen in the blood. If our Ph is higher is it becoming more basic or acidic? (Basic)

5. BLOOD & BLOOD CELLS Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells
plasma (55% of volume)
Nonliving fluid
dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more
Formed elements (45% of volume)
red blood cells (RBC)
transport O2 in hemoglobin
white blood cells (WBC)
defense & immunity
platelets
blood clotting
Dissolved in the plasma are a variety of ions, sometimes referred to as blood electrolytes,
These are important in maintaining osmotic balance of the blood and help buffer the blood.
Also, proper functioning of muscles and nerves depends on the concentrations of key ions in the interstitial fluid, which reflects concentrations in the plasma.

6. ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS)
The main function is to carry oxygen
Contain the protein Hemoglobin
Biconcave disks
Anucleate (no nucleus)
Most Abundant of the Formed Elements
Average life span is days
5-6 million erythrocytes in a drop of human blood
Red blood cell small size and bioconcave center give them a large surface area relative to their volume which make them ideal for gas exchange
Video 2:40-3:04

7. HEMOGLOBIN Iron-containing protein
Transports bulk of oxygen carried in the blood
Each hemoglobin molecule has four oxygen binding sites
Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules
The more hemoglobin molecules the red blood cells contain the more oxygen they will be able to carry.
Men have slightly more hemoglobin than women

8. LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS)
Crucial in the body’s defense against disease
Complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles
Leukocytosis: above normal levels of leukocytes
Leukopenia: abnormally low leukocyte levels

9. TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
Main function is phagocytosis
Most numerous leukocyte
Eosinophils
Respond to allergies and infections causes by parasitic worms
Basophils
Contain histamine granules which initiate inflammation
Histamine: inflammatory chemical which attracts other white blood cells to the site of infection, causing inflammation
Histamine causes some of the symptoms of an allergic reaction
Histamine can be responsible for causing asthma, histamine causes constriction of smooth muscle, which surround the airway so it constricts and causes shortness of breath
What do you guys think antihistamines do? (they inhibit the activity of histamine) Claritin and Allegra are common antihistamines

10. TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES Lymphocytes
Play a role in the immune response, some produce antibodies
Monocytes
Largest of the white blood cells
Important in fighting chronic infection
Also participate in phagocytosis

12. PLATELETS(THROMBOCYTES)
Derived from megakaryocytes:
Ruptured fragments of multinucleate cells
Needed for the clotting process
Normal platelet count = 300,000/mm3
Platelets become sticky and adhere to the vessel wall and to each other, they also trap red blood cells together to form a clot.
Watch video: 4:41-5:34

13. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1
Anucleate cells, bioconcave shaped, contain hemoglobin, and their main function is to carry oxygen
Leukocytes which produce histamine during an allergic reaction
Needed for the clotting process
Leukocytes which play a role in the immune response and produce antibodies
Complete cells(nucleus, organelles) which are critical in the body’s defense against disease
Iron containing protein, transports the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood

14. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1
Anucleate cells, bioconcave shaped, contain hemoglobin, and their main function is to carry oxygen
Leukocytes which produce histamine during an allergic reaction
Needed for the clotting process
Leukocytes which play a role in the immune response and produce antibodies
Complete cells(nucleus, organelles) which are critical in the body’s defense against disease
Iron containing protein, transports the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood
Erythrocytes
Basophils
Platelets
Lymphocytes
Leukocytes
Hemoglobin

15. HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS
Antigen: substances that our body recognizes as foreign
Antibodies: genetically determined protein molecules in our blood that stick to invading antigens
Antigens then clump together
Rice Krispy Question
On a rice krispy what would the marshmallow
represent?
What do the crisp represent?
Antibodies
Antigens

16. ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Based on the presence or absence of two antigens ON the red blood cell
Type A
Type B
Blood is “typed”/categorized using antibodies found in the plasma
Antibodies will clump/attach to certain antigens causing the blood to clump
For Example: A Type A red blood cell has type A antigens on it and B antibodies in the plasma. If Type B blood is donated to the Type A individual the B antibodies in the Type A individual will attack/clump the Type B blood cells causing a blood clot
The lack of these antigens is called type O
The presence of both A and B is called type AB
The presence of B is called type B

17. ABO BLOOD GROUPS
Blood Group A
A antigens on surface of red blood cells and B antibodies in your plasma
If Type B blood is donated to a Type A individual what do you think will happen? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer)
The lack of these antigens is called type O
The presence of both A and B is called type AB
The presence of B is called type B

18. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Blood Group B
B antigens on surface of red blood cells and A antibodies in your plasma
If Type A blood is donated to a Type B individual what do you think will happen? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer)
The A antibodies in the Type B blood plasma will attack/clump to the A antigens on the Type A blood cell
The lack of these antigens is called type O
The presence of both A and B is called type AB
The presence of B is called type B

19. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Blood Group AB
Both A and B antigens on surface of red blood cells and no A and B antibodies in your plasma
Universal Recipient
Why is it called the universal recipient? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer)
Because it doesn’t have any antibodies in it’s plasma to attack the antigens on Type A blood or Type B blood
The lack of these antigens is called type O
The presence of both A and B is called type AB
The presence of B is called type B

20. ABO BLOOD GROUPS Blood Group O
No antigens on surface of red blood cells, have both A and B antibodies in your plasma
Universal Donor
Why is it called the universal donor? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer)
Because it doesn’t have any antigens on the cell that can be attacked by the persons antibodies
The lack of these antigens is called type O
The presence of both A and B is called type AB
The presence of B is called type B

21. A,O NONE NONE B,O A,B,AB,O O A B AB O Red Blood Cell Type
Antibodies in Plasma
Antigens on Red Blood Cell
Blood Types Compatible
A,O
NONE
NONE
B,O
A,B,AB,O O

22. CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 2
Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor
Substances which our body recognizes as foreign
List all the possible blood types that someone with type B blood can donate to
Why can type AB blood only donate to someone else with type AB blood
Which blood type is known as the universal donor and which is the universal recipient
Protein molecules in our blood which stick to invading antigens

23. Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor
The A & B antibodies in the plasma would attach the antigens on Type A, B and AB
Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor
Substances which our body recognizes as foreign
List all the possible blood types that someone with type B blood can donate to
Why can type AB blood only donate to someone else with type AB blood
Which blood type is known as the universal donor and which is the universal recipient
Protein molecules in our blood which stick to invading antigens
Antigens
B and AB
Since it contains both antigens on the cell it can be attacked by the antibodies in Type A, B and O
Universal Donor- Type O Universal Recipient-Type AB
Antibodies