1. Skeletal System

2. Skeletal System Humor

3. What is the job of the skeletal system?
The skeleton has five major functions:
1) Provides shape and support.
2) With the muscular systems allows you to move.
3) Protects the soft parts of your body.
(Brains, heart, lungs, etc.)
4) Bone marrow makes red blood cells.
5) Bones stores minerals until our body needs them.

4. 1. Provides Shape and Support
Legs bones support your body
Mandible supports your teeth
Muscles are attached to bones
An adult human has 206 bones in their body.
When a human baby is born they have about 300 bones.
What happens to them?

5. 2. Enables you to move
The skeletal system cannot move on its own, it needs help from the muscular system. The muscles pull on the bones to make them move.

6. 3. Protects your organs
The skeleton also protects your internal organs.
Examples: Your rib cage protects your heart, lungs and stomach. Your skull protects your brain.

7. Your eyes are protected by the eye sockets.
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8. Your brain is protected by the skull case
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9. Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
A blow to the head that disrupts normal brain function.
A mild blow to the head can result in being knocked unconscious.
A water barrier is between the skull and brain that also protects it (skull demo)
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10. Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them!
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14. Helmets can help prevent serious brain injury. Wear them!
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15. 4. Produces blood cells
The bones produce blood cells for the body in the bone marrow.
Two types of marrow
Red - makes more red blood cells (which carry oxygen), white blood cells (which fight infection), and platelets (that stop bleeding).
Yellow - stores fat and can serve
as an energy reserve

16. An average of 2.6 million red blood cells are produced each second by the bone marrow to replace those worn out and destroyed by the liver.
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17. 5. Stores minerals
Bones are also a storage unit for certain minerals. Calcium and phosphorus are stored within the bones.
The bones release these minerals as they are needed.

18. Levels of Organization – Skeletal System
Cell – Bone cells, cartilage cells, blood cells, adipose (fat) cells, neurons (nerve cells)
Tissue –cartilage, connective tissues, epithelial tissues, blood-forming tissues, adipose tissue, and nervous tissue
Organ – Bones
Organ System – Skeletal System
Organism – individual animals

19. Bones Song
Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue that contains lots of calcium and phosphorous salts.
About 25% of bone tissue is water, another 25% is made up of protein fibers like collagen.
The other 50% of bone tissue is a mixture of mineral salts, primarily calcium and phosphorous.

20. Layers of the Bone
Bones are complex living structures that undergo growth and development.
Only 20% of a human’s body weight is from their bones.
Bones are light weight but can withstand a lot of pressure.
Bones are alive! They can grow and repair after a break.

21. Layers of the Bone

22. Outer Layer
Periosteum - the fibrous membrane of connective tissue that snugly covers most bones
Its main function is to provide nourishment and sensation to the bone by providing the blood supply. 

23. Compact (Cortical) Bone
The compact bone is one of the three layers of a bone.
It is a dense, rigid bone.
It is shaped like a cylinder and is so hard
that surgeons must use a saw to cut
through it.
This dense layer supports the weight
of the body and is made up of mostly
calcium and minerals.

24. Spongy (Trabecular) Bone
Spongy (Trabecular) bone comprises the majority of interior long bone tissue, in addition to that of the hip and vertebrae.
It is found at the end of the bones.
It looks like a sponge with many small spaces within it.
It is very light.

25. Bird bones have air spaces in them so they are light weight.
Why does a bird need light weight bones?
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26. What animal is this?
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28. What animal is this?
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30. What animal is this?
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31. An anteater.
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32. What animal is this?

33. Answer! Ray / Manta Ray
Sharks and rays do not have bones but have cartilage instead.
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34. Joints
Joints occur where two bones meet. They make the skeleton flexible — without them, movement would be impossible.
There are 360 joints in the human body.
A joint can be:
Movable- joints that can move
Immovable- joints that can’t move

35. Movable Joints of the skeleton
The skeleton has six different types of movable joints. Each one moves in a different way.
1) Plane or Gliding joint
2) Hinge joint
3) Ball and socket joint
4) Saddle joint
5) Pivot joint
6) Ellipsoid joint

36. How are bones held together?
Bones are held together by ligaments. Ligaments are long, fibrous straps that fasten bones together.

37. Ligaments
Ligaments
Ligaments- strong connective tissue that holds bones in line and in place.
Ligaments link bone to bone.
Warning! Graphic picture next.

38. How are muscles attached to bones?
Tendons
Tendons attach muscles to bones.
They are made of strong connective tissue that does not break when pulled.

39. Cartilage
Cartilage
Knee Cartilage
Cartilage is flexible rubber tissue that cushions and protects the bones where they meet and rub against each other in a joint.
Cartilage is found at the ends of bones.
Feel the tip of your nose or your ear. They are made of cartilage.

40. Skeletal System Rap