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Navtej S. Bains, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
Linking and leveraging SeeD resources in Indian wheat breeding program- prospects and future Navtej S. Bains, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
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Hallmark of wheat improvement
Dwarfing Genes Winter wheat x spring wheat crosses Synthetic hexaploids introgression PBW621 PBW343 Kalyansona Strategic germplasm development: Hallmark of wheat improvement
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Fifty years of selection in a similar direction
Responsiveness to inputs Greater investment in productive rather than protective features Adaptation to well managed environments Avoidance rather than tolerance Adaptation to broad environments rather than niches
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The need for new adaptations
Depleting water resources Environmental ceiling on N Use Non renewable fertilizers running out Climate change and perturbations Genetic shifts in disease causing flora Emergence of new diseases and pests
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Proliferation of breeding objectives
New nutritional targets Grain micronutrients and their availability Gluten intolerance Resistant starch- Low Glycemic index Elimination of toxic compounds such as Acrylamide Adaptation to conservation agriculture Seedling emergence traits Root plasticity for micro-environmental moisture variations Suitability for early planting in residual moisture of rice fields Processing needs Product specific wheats -Low PPO, waxy starch, naturally colored wheat Out-crossing traits for hybrid wheat, haploid inducers etc.
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genetic resources which pre-date the green revolution sieve
Germplasm options? Tapping into genetic resources which pre-date the green revolution sieve The need for new adaptations Proliferation of breeding objectives Many technologies now converging to make it possible
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Indian wheat breeding program: Use of pre green revolution materials
Best bets –landraces and synthetic hexaploids Access –Indian landraces and pre dwarfing era landrace derivatives A wider pool –Mexican landraces, Iranian landraces, Synthetic hexaploids Germplasm – CIMMYT ‘s SeeD program Centres in India –IIWBR, IARI, PAU, GBPUAT, HPKV, BISA
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Mobilization of resistance
Stripe and leaf rust resistance in Mexican landraces Mobilization of resistance Identified donor Stripe rust score Leaf rust score Recipient parent Cross status MICH 5S PBW 621 BC1F1 TXL 10S TXL OAX OAX OAX COAH COAH COAH HGO PBW 343 F2
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HD 2967 MEXICAN LAND RACE HD 3086 MICH 16% PEG Control % PEG % PEG Control % PEG Control % PEG % PEG
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Mobilization of resistance
Stripe and leaf rust resistance in Iranian land race set (249 accessions) Mobilization of resistance Identified donor Stripe rust score Recipient parent Cross status IWA PBW 343 BC1F1 IWA HD 2967 F2 IWA IWA IWA 5S IWA IWA IWA IWA IWA
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Preliminary identification of drought tolerant lines in Iranian
land race set (249 accessions) : contributing components under drought stress
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Screening for root growth after germinating half seeds in micronutrient depleted sand culture
TL 2908 WH 1105
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Stripe rust reaction of LTP lines (2015-16)
Linked top cross population based on exotic introgression in elite CIMMYT lines: 1028 entries Tested under disease free conditions at BISA, Ladhowal Screened for rust resistance at PAU, Ludhiana Stripe rust reaction of LTP lines ( )
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Performance of LTP lines in yield screening nursery at BISA, Ladhowal (2015-16)
KACHU BORL100
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Ten top yielding LTP lines showed yield range of
Performance of rust resistant LTP lines in yield screening nursery at BISA, Ladhowal ( ) LTP No. GID Stripe Rust Leaf Rust Heading Days Yield (Kg/ha) Ranking for yield 39 88 5360 21 321 90 4980 54 251 95 4780 79 781 94 4760 85 1022 93 4640 105 40 4440 160 775 4400 173 300 97 4320 208 310 91 4240 240 36 4180 262 Ten top yielding LTP lines showed yield range of 7320 to 5500 kg/ha
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Landrace/Synthetic hexaploid donors identified for stripe rust resistance in LTP lines
Ae.tauschii (accessions 452, 323,320, 442) Ae.searsii (34D) IG IG 42158 KE90-282 TK SN1081/AE.SQUARROSA (690) Majority of donors with genes effective against Indian but not Mexican stripe rust race(s)
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Germplasm utilization: a paradigm shift
The utilization channel will now essentially go from germplasm to genes to recipients The scope and flexibility of gene based transfers is vastly superior Discovered traits/genes link into a growing knowledge base- greater power to further germplasm utilization Time to think big on germplasm utilization
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Wheat field with rising sun
VINCENT VAN GOGH Acknowledgements CIMMYT SeeD project BISA, Ladhowal Student projects-PAU, Ludhiana THANK YOU
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