1. Bell Work Questions: Answer in your notes:
How was French colonization of the new world different from England’s?
How did religion impact the creation of the colonies?
When did the concept of religious freedom arise and why?
Why was King Philip’s War so crucial to ally the English settlers? (We’ll go over this in a minute…)

2. By the 1670’s, whites in the New England colonies outnumbered natives by A warrior named Metacom, AKA King Philip by the English, led a native rebellion in known as King Philip’s War.
After killing hundreds of settlers, the natives were defeated by English settlers, w/ the help of Mohegan & Mohawk warriors. The war helped establish a common New England identity among the settlers.

3. Unit 2
Colonial America
Part 3
The Chesapeake Colonies Expand
The Deep South is Settled

4. 1632 – Lord Baltimore formed Maryland w/ land granted him by Charles I
1632 – Lord Baltimore formed Maryland w/ land granted him by Charles I. Maryland was specifically created as a colony for Catholics to escape religious persecution in England.
Maryland was the first proprietary colony, meaning it had one owner who could govern the colony as he wished.

5. In England, Puritans won a majority in Parliament & passed laws which limited the king’s power.
Charles I was a Catholic who believed kings had absolute authority granted by God. He levied new taxes in defiance of Parliament.
Oliver Cromwell led a Puritan army in a revolt against Charles I.

6. The English Civil War disrupted the colonization of America
The English Civil War disrupted the colonization of America. Many Puritans returned to England to fight w/ Cromwell & live in a Puritan England.
1649 – Charles I was captured & executed. Cromwell ruled England as a military dictator. Maryland, a Catholic colony, passed the Toleration Act which granted religious freedom to Christians of all denominations.

7. During the English Civil War & the period that followed, colonists took advantage of having little interference by the British government to establish colonial governments that were virtually independent.
1658 – After Cromwell’s death, Parliament passed the Restoration Act which proclaimed Charles II as king of England.
Charles saw colonies as a source of raw materials & markets for English goods. He established Restoration Colonies to enlarge the British empire.

8. 1663 – Charles II granted North & South Carolina to 8 noblemen as proprietary colonies that would supply England w/ agricultural products.
The nobles tried to establish a manorial system in Carolina but settlers refused to work as serfs. Most worked small farms of their own but many invested in slaves to build large plantations.

9. Society in the Chesapeake colonies was divided into 3 classes – the wealthy planters (gentry), the small farmers (yeomen), & the common workers, who were mostly indentured servants or slaves.
Importation of African slaves began slowly in the Chesapeake colonies; however, a collapse in tobacco prices led planters to seek a cheaper source of labor. This led to an increase in the Maryland & Virginia slave trade.

10. By 1671, Maryland & Virginia had passed laws banning Africans from owning guns & earning their freedom. Slavery became permanent & hereditary, & race was now the determining factor.

11. Stand Up Hand Up Pair Up Stand Up, Hand Up, Find a partner.
Wait for instructions.

12. Who goes first?
Person with the closest birthday, whoever’s birthday is coming up first.

13. Question: (30 seconds) How did slavery evolve in the colonies?
Why was it necessary?

14. Next person… Respond to the first person’s answer:
Either add on, extend or modify the answer they gave you.
Be sure to repeat the original comments made from person 1.

15. Tenant farmers who rented the land they farmed wanted to expand the Virginia colony inland & claim land for themselves along the frontier, but they needed the colonial government to provide protection from natives.
Wealthy planters opposed colonial expansion, fearing increased competition & higher taxes.
William Berkeley, the governor of Virginia, sided with the gentry, whom he also made exempt from taxation.

16. A wealthy planter named Nathaniel Bacon sympathized w/ the tenant farmers. He raised a private army & led them on a series of raids into native areas.
After eliminating much of the native threat, Bacon led his army to Jamestown. They burned the city & forced Berkeley to flee.

17. Bacon’s Rebellion led to colonial expansion inland
Bacon’s Rebellion led to colonial expansion inland. It also led wealthy planters to stop using indentured servants & tenant farmers in favor of African slaves. Slaves were a cheaper labor source & worked indefinitely without the promise of future land ownership.

18. Table Round Robin
At your table, discuss the importance of Bacon’s Rebellion.
What did it encourage in the colonists?
Who did it eliminate the need for?
What lasting impacts did it have on the colonists?

19. 1674 - After a series of wars w/ Holland, England gained possession of New Netherland.
New Amsterdam became a royal colony & was renamed New York, while New Jersey was granted to the Carolina proprietors.

20. 1681 – Charles II granted land to William Penn to form the colony of Pennsylvania, which originally included Delaware. Penn planned the colony as a refuge for Quakers who faced persecution in England. Quakers were unpopular in England for their pacifism & refusal to pay taxes to support the Anglican Church.
Penn called his colony a holy experiment. He wrote the Frame of Government, which included a Charter of Liberties to ensure freedom of religion, speech, & the press.

21. 1732 – James Oglethorpe was granted land to establish Georgia as a colony for criminals & the poor to start a new life. It was the last of the original 13 colonies to be settled by England.

22. To Review…
Why did slavery evolve as the preferred labor system in the colonies?
How did Bacon’s Rebellion encourage independence for the colonists?
How did Britain’s own internal conflicts create an opportunity for the colonies to begin molding their independence?